Elevated RF Levels: Implications for Autoimmune Disorders - Internal Medicine

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Rheumatoid factor (RF) is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis?


Hello Doctor, I have had an allergic constitution since childhood and have been receiving treatment in the rheumatology and immunology department for long-term issues related to my nose and urticaria.
During my last visit at the end of last year, I reported to my physician that I experienced adverse side effects after receiving the second dose of the vaccine.
The doctor recommended a blood test, and during my follow-up visit last month, it was found that my RF factor was 120 (noted as RA on the lab report), but other tests for differentiating types of arthritis and lupus were normal.
My kidney function was slightly below the standard, and the doctor suggested continuing to monitor it for three months, prescribing only allergy medication.
There was also a suspicion of fibromyalgia, but at the suggestion of my family, I went to another hospital for further examination.
The doctor there noted that I appeared normal but still arranged for relevant blood tests.
The report showed: IgAnti-HCV Ab Negative, HCT 36.0, MCH 21.2, MCHC 29.2, MCV 72.6, PLT 301, PS -, RBC 4.96, RDW-CV 18.8, WBC 5.72, Aty.Lym.
0.0, Band 0.0, Baso.
1.0, Blast 0.0, Eos.
5.9, Lym.
33.7, Meta 0.0, Mono.
7.9, Myelo.
0.0, Normobl.
0.0, PS XN, PlasmaCell 0.0, Promyl.
0.0, Seg 51.5, D-dimer 0.5, CRE 0.9, eGFR 70.4, ALT 27, ALB 4.8, E.P.
Albumin 55.6, E.P.
Alpha 1 3.0, E.P.
Alpha 2 8.1, E.P.
Beta 1 6.1, E.P.
Beta 2 4.3, E.P.
Gamma 22.9, RA Factor 79.89, hsCRP 0.04, IgG 1924.39, IgA 225.25, C3 Quantitation 105.48, Anti-ds DNA 23.64.
The doctor indicated that there is inflammation in my body, but liver and kidney functions are currently normal.
He recommended starting quinine to prevent organ damage and suggested another blood test in a month, with the possibility of reducing or stopping the medication if there is improvement.
When I inquired about fibromyalgia, the doctor provided a scoring assessment indicating that I do have fibromyalgia (self-assessment).
He mentioned that this issue can only be managed with pain medication, but I expressed my reluctance to take painkillers.

Here are some of my usual physical symptoms for the doctor’s reference:
1.
My older sister experienced autoimmune attacks on her bile during menopause (5 years ago), and my immunologist had conducted blood tests at that time which were normal.
2.
I believe my chronic back pain is a result of my previous job as a flight attendant and a severe fall at home; the pain is primarily in my back, with discomfort in my elbow joints and neck.
3.
Last year, I sought medical attention for numbness in my left foot, and a rehabilitation doctor diagnosed me with scoliosis, but an orthopedic specialist believed it was a result from childhood and recommended exercise for improvement.
However, I had to stop exercising due to the pandemic, although I found that exercise did alleviate the pain.
4.
Since February, I have been experiencing stiffness in my neck, with discomfort when turning left or right, often waking up in pain, which improves after changing positions.
My questions are: If I can improve my bodily pain through exercise or endure it, should I really start taking quinine to prevent my organs or joints from being attacked based on my test results? Or would you recommend that I seek further evaluation at another hospital? Thank you for your response, Doctor.

Jiang Xiaohua, 50~59 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/03/22

Dr. Gao Jiankai reply Internal Medicine


Hello, thank you for your inquiry.
If the test results mentioned above are all the examinations you have undergone, I believe there are additional tests that can be arranged.
If you are very concerned and unsure about whether to take quinine, I suggest you consult another rheumatologist for a second opinion.
This may help confirm the possible diagnosis, providing reassurance for both the prescriber and the patient.
The Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology Department of Changhua Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, cares about you.

Reply Date: 2022/03/22

More Info


Elevated rheumatoid factor (RF) levels can be a significant indicator in the context of autoimmune disorders, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it's essential to understand that an elevated RF does not automatically mean that a person has RA or any other autoimmune disease. RF can be present in various conditions, including infections, chronic inflammatory diseases, and even in some healthy individuals.
In your case, the RF level of 120 IU/mL is indeed elevated compared to the normal range (typically less than 15 IU/mL). However, the absence of other markers commonly associated with RA, such as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (anti-CCP) and the presence of normal results in other tests, suggests that while you may be at a higher risk for autoimmune conditions, it does not definitively diagnose you with RA.
The presence of elevated RF can be associated with other conditions, including Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and even chronic infections. It is also worth noting that RF can be elevated in individuals with fibromyalgia, which your doctor has also considered. Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas, and it does not cause inflammation or damage to the joints.

Your symptoms, including neck stiffness and pain, could be related to various factors, including posture, previous injuries, or even stress. Engaging in regular physical activity, as you mentioned, can help alleviate some of these symptoms. Exercise is beneficial for maintaining joint function and reducing pain in many cases. However, it is essential to tailor your exercise routine to your comfort level and avoid activities that exacerbate your pain.

Regarding the use of quinine, it is typically not a first-line treatment for autoimmune conditions. Quinine is primarily used for treating malaria and may have some use in managing leg cramps. If your doctor has suggested quinine to prevent organ damage, it would be prudent to discuss this further with them, especially considering your concerns about its necessity and potential side effects.
If you are feeling uncertain about your diagnosis or treatment plan, seeking a second opinion from another rheumatologist or specialist can provide additional clarity and reassurance. It is crucial to have a healthcare provider who listens to your concerns and works with you to develop a management plan that you are comfortable with.

In summary, while elevated RF levels warrant monitoring and further investigation, they do not conclusively indicate a severe autoimmune disorder. Regular follow-up with your healthcare provider, maintaining an active lifestyle, and addressing any new or worsening symptoms promptly are essential steps in managing your health. Always feel empowered to seek additional opinions or clarification regarding your treatment options.

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