HPV: Transmission, Family History, and Vaccination Concerns

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Hello Doctor:
1.
I was diagnosed with HPV type 31 at a major hospital, and after a biopsy and outpatient treatment, I would like to ask if this virus is truly 100% caused by sexual activity?
2.
There have been cases of endometrial cancer in my family, so does this mean that uterine diseases can be hereditary?
3.
Since I have already contracted this virus, do I need to receive the 9-valent HPV vaccine? I am currently 33 years old.

4.
My husband has been experiencing itching and discomfort in his genital area, and sometimes there is a white discharge around the glans.
Could this be the reason he infected me?

309, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/09/10

Dr. Cai Yonglong reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

(1) HPV virus is commonly found in the environment and on the surface of human skin.
Sexual activity can more easily transfer the virus to the surface of the cervix, but it is not the only cause of cervical HPV infection.
(2) Some patients with endometrial cancer have a genetic predisposition, so if there is a family history of endometrial cancer, it is important to pay special attention to any abnormal vaginal bleeding.
(3) HPV vaccination is recommended; the nine-valent vaccine protects against nine types of HPV, including type 31, and provides protection against the other eight types as well.
(4) If there are persistent secretions, it is advisable to consult a urologist for treatment.
Inadequate cleaning of the genital area can indeed lead to infections in partners.

Reply Date: 2022/09/10

More Info

Understanding HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is crucial for both individual health and public health. Your questions touch on several important aspects of HPV, including its transmission, family history implications, vaccination, and potential symptoms related to partners. Let's break down your concerns one by one.

1. Transmission of HPV: While HPV is predominantly transmitted through sexual contact, it is not exclusively so. HPV can be present on skin surfaces and can be transmitted through non-penetrative sexual activities, such as genital-to-genital contact. Additionally, it can be found in areas not typically covered by condoms, which means that even with safe sex practices, there is still a risk of transmission. However, the majority of HPV infections are indeed linked to sexual activity. It's important to note that many people may carry the virus without showing any symptoms, and most HPV infections are cleared by the immune system within two years.

2. Family History and Genetic Risks: Regarding your concern about family history, certain cancers, including endometrial cancer, can have genetic predispositions. If there is a family history of endometrial cancer, it may increase your risk, but it does not guarantee that you will develop the disease. Regular screenings and being aware of any unusual symptoms, such as abnormal bleeding, are essential for early detection and management. Genetic counseling may also be beneficial if there is a significant family history of gynecological cancers.

3. Vaccination After HPV Diagnosis: Even if you have been diagnosed with HPV, particularly with a type like HPV 31, it is still advisable to receive the HPV vaccine, specifically the 9-valent vaccine (Gardasil 9). This vaccine protects against several strains of HPV, including those that cause most cervical cancers and genital warts. While the vaccine will not eliminate the existing infection, it can protect you from other HPV types that you may not have been exposed to yet. The vaccine is recommended for individuals up to age 45, so at 33, you are still eligible.

4. Symptoms in Partners: If your partner is experiencing symptoms such as itching and unusual discharge, it is essential for him to seek medical evaluation. These symptoms could be indicative of an infection, which may or may not be related to HPV. If he has an active infection, it is possible for him to transmit the virus to you, especially if there are no protective measures in place. Open communication with your partner about sexual health and regular check-ups can help manage and reduce the risk of transmission.

In conclusion, understanding HPV and its implications is vital for both your health and that of your partner. Regular screenings, vaccinations, and open discussions about sexual health can significantly mitigate risks associated with HPV. If you have further concerns or symptoms, it is always best to consult with a healthcare provider who can offer personalized advice and treatment options.

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