Palpitations: Causes, Symptoms, and When to Seek Help - Cardiology

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Palpitations, or the sensation of feeling your heart beating rapidly or irregularly, can be a concerning symptom for many individuals. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and when to seek help is crucial for managing this condition effectively.


Causes of Palpitations
Palpitations can arise from a variety of factors, both benign and serious. Common causes include:
1. Anxiety and Stress: Emotional stress or anxiety can trigger palpitations. The body's fight-or-flight response can lead to an increased heart rate.


2. Caffeine and Stimulants: Consuming caffeine, nicotine, or other stimulants can lead to an increased heart rate and palpitations.

3. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those occurring during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, can also cause palpitations.

4. Medications: Certain medications, including decongestants and asthma inhalers, can increase heart rate.

5. Medical Conditions: Conditions such as hyperthyroidism, anemia, or electrolyte imbalances can lead to palpitations. Heart-related issues, such as arrhythmias or structural heart problems, can also be a cause.

6. Physical Activity: Strenuous exercise can lead to temporary palpitations, especially if you are not accustomed to physical exertion.


Symptoms Associated with Palpitations
In addition to the sensation of a racing heart, palpitations may be accompanied by other symptoms, including:
- Chest discomfort or pain
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Sweating
- Feeling faint or weak

When to Seek Help
While occasional palpitations are often harmless, there are specific situations where you should seek medical attention:
1. Frequent or Persistent Symptoms: If you experience palpitations frequently or they last for an extended period, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider.

2. Accompanying Symptoms: If palpitations are accompanied by chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting, seek immediate medical attention, as these could indicate a more serious condition.

3. Underlying Health Conditions: If you have a history of heart disease or other significant health issues, it is crucial to discuss any new or worsening symptoms with your doctor.

4. Changes in Frequency or Intensity: If you notice a change in the frequency or intensity of your palpitations, it is advisable to seek medical advice.


Conclusion
Given your description of experiencing palpitations, especially during periods of deep breathing or when sitting quietly, it is important to monitor your symptoms closely. While it may be related to anxiety or stress, the elevated heart rate you mentioned (over 100 beats per minute) during rest could warrant further investigation.
I recommend scheduling an appointment with a healthcare provider who can perform a thorough evaluation, which may include a physical examination, an electrocardiogram (ECG), or other diagnostic tests to rule out any underlying conditions. Keeping a diary of your symptoms, including when they occur and any associated factors (like caffeine intake or stress levels), can also be helpful for your healthcare provider in determining the cause of your palpitations.

In the meantime, practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing exercises or mindfulness, may help alleviate some anxiety and potentially reduce the frequency of palpitations. Remember, it is always better to err on the side of caution when it comes to your heart health.