Do Children with Adenovirus Need Cardiac Follow-Up After Symptoms? - Pediatrics

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Is it necessary to conduct cardiovascular examinations after a positive rapid test for adenovirus?


My daughter is 3 years old and 10 months.
Since April 23, she had a fever for 5 days and tested positive for adenovirus at the clinic.
Her symptoms included 1.
high fever 2.
unilateral conjunctivitis 3.
mild tonsillitis 4.
mild otitis media.
Additionally, she did not exhibit any other symptoms associated with Kawasaki disease (such as strawberry tongue, lip congestion and redness, redness and swelling of hands and feet with peeling, lymphadenopathy, skin rash, or redness and swelling of BCG vaccination site).
On April 27, she had a spontaneous reduction in fever in the middle of the night without taking any antipyretics, but then the fever returned.
On April 28, she completely returned to normal temperature (ear temperature of 37 degrees Celsius) without taking antipyretics, and her activity level was normal during this time.
Should we still be concerned about typical or atypical Kawasaki disease? Is it necessary to conduct follow-up examinations regarding cardiovascular health?

Hsu Kai-wen, 40~49 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/05/16

Dr. Xie Wanghu reply Pediatrics


Hello,
1.
A 1.3-year-old child.

2.
Has had a fever for 5 days since April 23.

3.
Positive for adenovirus rapid test.

4.
Related to Kawasaki disease, with only 5 days of fever and conjunctivitis.

5.
Should not meet the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki disease.

6.
If there is no tachycardia, drop in oxygen saturation, heart murmurs, or chest tenderness, cardiovascular examination may not be necessary.

Thank you.

Reply Date: 2023/05/16

More Info


When it comes to children who have tested positive for adenovirus and exhibited symptoms such as fever, conjunctivitis, mild tonsillitis, and mild otitis media, the concern for cardiac follow-up largely depends on the clinical presentation and any associated symptoms that may suggest complications. In your daughter's case, the absence of symptoms typically associated with Kawasaki disease is reassuring. Kawasaki disease is characterized by prolonged fever and a constellation of symptoms including strawberry tongue, conjunctival injection, rash, and lymphadenopathy, among others. Since your daughter does not exhibit these symptoms, the likelihood of Kawasaki disease is low.

Adenovirus infections can lead to a variety of complications, including respiratory illness, gastrointestinal symptoms, and in some cases, myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle). However, myocarditis is more commonly associated with viral infections that cause significant cardiac symptoms, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or arrhythmias. In the absence of these symptoms, the risk of cardiac complications is generally lower.

Given that your daughter had a high fever for several days but has since returned to normal activity levels and has no ongoing symptoms, the immediate need for cardiac follow-up may not be necessary. However, it is essential to monitor her for any new or unusual symptoms that may arise in the weeks following the infection. If she develops any signs of cardiac distress, such as persistent fatigue, chest pain, or difficulty breathing, it would be prudent to seek medical evaluation.

In terms of follow-up, pediatricians often recommend routine check-ups after significant viral infections, especially if there were any concerning symptoms during the illness. It might be beneficial to discuss your concerns with your pediatrician, who can provide personalized advice based on your daughter's overall health and recovery.

In summary, while there is no immediate indication for cardiac follow-up given your daughter's current state and the absence of Kawasaki disease symptoms, maintaining vigilance for any new symptoms is crucial. If you have any lingering concerns or if her condition changes, do not hesitate to consult with her healthcare provider for further evaluation and peace of mind.

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