Facial Pain: When to Seek Medical Help - Family Medicine

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Facial issues?


Hello, doctor: I am experiencing severe pain in my zygomatic bone, and my masticatory muscles hurt as well.
It is painful to talk and eat.
Pain relievers and muscle relaxants have not been effective, and I am still a bit worried.
What could this condition be? Which specialty should I consult?

Awei, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/06/30

Dr. Liao Yaopan reply Family Medicine


Hello, based on your description, it is advisable to first consult a dentist or an otolaryngologist to assess whether it is an issue related to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
Online consultations are not equivalent to in-person medical evaluations and cannot provide diagnoses or treatment recommendations.
Changhua Hospital cares about your well-being.

Reply Date: 2023/06/30

More Info


Facial pain can be a complex issue, often requiring a thorough understanding of the underlying causes and appropriate medical intervention. Based on your description of severe pain in the zygomatic area (cheekbone), discomfort in the masticatory muscles (jaw muscles), and pain during speaking and eating, it is essential to consider several potential diagnoses and the appropriate steps to take.


Possible Causes of Facial Pain
1. Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJ): One of the most common causes of facial pain, particularly in the jaw area, is TMJ disorder. This condition can result from teeth grinding, jaw clenching, or misalignment of the jaw. Symptoms often include pain in the jaw, difficulty chewing, and referred pain to the face and neck.

2. Trigeminal Neuralgia: This condition is characterized by sudden, severe facial pain that can be triggered by activities such as chewing, speaking, or even light touch. It is caused by irritation or damage to the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for sensation in the face.

3. Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses can lead to facial pain, particularly around the cheekbones and forehead. This is often accompanied by other symptoms such as nasal congestion and pressure.

4. Dental Issues: Problems such as tooth abscesses or gum disease can cause significant facial pain, particularly in the lower jaw and cheek areas.
5. Muscle Strain: Overuse of the muscles involved in chewing can lead to muscle strain, resulting in pain that may radiate to the face.


When to Seek Medical Help
Given that over-the-counter pain relief and muscle relaxants have not provided relief, it is advisable to seek medical attention. Here are some guidelines on when to see a doctor:
- Persistent Pain: If the pain has lasted for more than a few days without improvement, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider.

- Severe Symptoms: If you experience severe pain that interferes with daily activities, such as eating or speaking, it warrants a medical evaluation.

- Accompanying Symptoms: If you have other symptoms such as swelling, fever, or changes in vision, seek immediate medical attention.

- History of Trauma: If you have experienced any recent trauma to the face or jaw, it is crucial to get evaluated for potential fractures or other injuries.


Which Specialist to See
For your symptoms, the following specialists may be appropriate:
- Dentist: A dentist can evaluate for dental issues, TMJ disorders, or other oral health problems that may be causing your pain.

- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon: If dental issues are ruled out, an oral surgeon can assess for TMJ disorders or other structural problems in the jaw.

- Neurologist: If trigeminal neuralgia or other nerve-related issues are suspected, a neurologist can provide further evaluation and treatment options.

- ENT Specialist: If sinusitis or other ear, nose, and throat issues are suspected, an ENT specialist can help diagnose and treat these conditions.


Conclusion
Facial pain, especially when it affects your ability to eat, speak, or perform daily activities, should not be ignored. It is crucial to seek medical advice to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment. Early intervention can help prevent complications and improve your quality of life. Remember to keep a record of your symptoms, including when they occur and any triggers, as this information can be valuable for your healthcare provider in making an accurate diagnosis.

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