Corns: Causes, Treatment, and When to Seek Surgery - Dermatology

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Corns, also known as "clavus," are thickened areas of skin that develop in response to repeated friction or pressure. They commonly occur on the feet, particularly on the toes or the soles, and can be quite painful, especially when pressure is applied. Understanding the causes, treatment options, and when to seek surgical intervention is crucial for managing this condition effectively.


Causes of Corns
Corns typically develop due to prolonged pressure or friction on the skin. This can be caused by:
1. Improper Footwear: Shoes that are too tight, too loose, or have high heels can create pressure points on the feet.

2. Foot Deformities: Conditions such as bunions, hammertoes, or other structural abnormalities can lead to uneven distribution of pressure on the foot.

3. Repetitive Activities: Certain occupations or activities that involve repetitive motion can also contribute to the formation of corns.

In your friend's case, the corns developed during military service, likely due to the type of footwear worn or the physical activities involved. The increase in pain and the number of corns after discharge may indicate that the initial cause of friction or pressure has not been adequately addressed.


Treatment Options
For mild cases of corns, conservative treatment options are often effective:
1. Footwear Modification: Wearing comfortable, well-fitting shoes with adequate cushioning can alleviate pressure on the affected areas. Avoiding high heels and tight shoes is essential.

2. Padding: Using corn pads or cushions can help reduce friction and pressure on the corn.

3. Soaking and Exfoliation: Soaking the feet in warm water and gently exfoliating the corn with a pumice stone can help reduce its thickness.

4. Moisturizers: Applying moisturizers containing urea or salicylic acid can help soften the corn and promote healing.

If these conservative measures do not provide relief, or if the corns become increasingly painful, it may be time to consult a healthcare professional.


When to Seek Surgery
Surgery may be considered in cases where:
- The corn is recurrent and does not respond to conservative treatments.

- The pain is severe and affects daily activities.

- There are underlying foot deformities that need correction.

A podiatrist or orthopedic surgeon specializing in foot and ankle conditions would be the appropriate specialist to consult for surgical options. They can evaluate the corns, assess any underlying issues, and recommend the best course of action, which may include surgical removal of the corn and correction of any contributing foot deformities.


Recovery Time
If surgery is necessary, recovery time can vary depending on the extent of the procedure and the individual's overall health. Generally, patients can expect some swelling and discomfort post-surgery, which can last for a few days to weeks. Full recovery may take several weeks, during which time it is essential to follow the surgeon's post-operative care instructions.


Conclusion
In summary, corns can be a painful and bothersome condition, particularly if they are not addressed early on. For your friend, it is crucial to start with conservative treatments, such as wearing comfortable shoes and using padding. If the condition persists or worsens, seeking the advice of a podiatrist would be the next best step. They can provide a thorough evaluation and discuss potential surgical options if necessary. Encouraging your friend to take action sooner rather than later can help alleviate discomfort and improve their quality of life.