Neonatal skin
Dr.
Zhao: My baby is currently one month old, but was born at 37 weeks.
Recently, red rashes appeared on the face, distributed on the forehead and both cheeks.
I am unsure if this is atopic dermatitis.
How can I differentiate between common heat rash and atopic dermatitis? Thank you for your response.
Xiu Hui, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2004/10/08
Dr. Zhao Yongkang reply Pediatrics
Dear Ms.
Hsiu-Hui,
Hello, your baby has developed a rash on the face, which may be commonly referred to as "heat rash" or "prickly heat." This condition is caused by skin changes due to excessive heat and humidity.
It occurs when the skin is in prolonged contact with sweat and the sweat glands are not functioning properly, most commonly affecting the face and back.
Typically, keeping the baby cool and well-ventilated will lead to a quick improvement in symptoms, and there is usually no need to apply ointments.
For more severe cases, a heat rash cream can be used.
It is advisable for the baby to wear cotton, loose-fitting, and moisture-absorbing clothing to prevent the occurrence of heat rash.
I apologize for the delayed response and thank you for your letter.
Wishing you peace,
Dr.
He-Shun Wang
Director of Pediatrics
Hsinchu Hospital
Reply Date: 2004/10/08
More Info
When it comes to distinguishing between eczema (atopic dermatitis) and heat rash (miliaria) in newborns, it's essential to understand the characteristics and causes of each condition. Both can present as red rashes on the skin, but they have different underlying mechanisms and treatment approaches.
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that often begins in infancy. It is characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. In newborns, eczema typically appears as red, scaly patches that can be found on the face, particularly on the cheeks and forehead, as well as on the scalp and behind the ears. The rash may also be crusty or weepy, and it can be exacerbated by environmental factors such as heat, humidity, and allergens. Eczema is often associated with a family history of allergies, asthma, or hay fever, indicating a genetic predisposition to atopic conditions.
Heat Rash (Miliaria), on the other hand, occurs when sweat glands become blocked, leading to the retention of sweat under the skin. This condition is more common in hot and humid weather. Heat rash typically presents as small, red bumps or blisters, often in areas where clothing fits tightly or where sweat accumulates, such as the face, neck, and back. Unlike eczema, heat rash usually resolves quickly once the baby is cooled down and the skin is allowed to breathe. It does not typically cause significant itching or discomfort.
To differentiate between the two, consider the following factors:
1. Location and Appearance: Eczema often appears on the face, especially on the cheeks and forehead, and may also affect the scalp and other areas. It tends to be dry and scaly. Heat rash usually appears in areas prone to sweating and is characterized by small red bumps or blisters.
2. Symptoms: Eczema is usually itchy and can cause discomfort for the baby, leading to increased fussiness. Heat rash is generally not itchy and may not bother the baby as much.
3. Duration: Eczema is a chronic condition that can persist for weeks or months, while heat rash typically resolves quickly with cooling measures.
4. Triggers: Eczema can be triggered by various factors, including allergens, irritants, and changes in temperature. Heat rash is primarily triggered by overheating and excessive sweating.
If you suspect your baby has eczema, it is advisable to consult a pediatrician or a dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis and management plan. Treatment for eczema may include moisturizing creams, topical corticosteroids, and avoiding known triggers. For heat rash, keeping the baby cool, dressing them in loose-fitting clothing, and ensuring proper ventilation can help alleviate symptoms.
In summary, while both eczema and heat rash can cause red rashes on a newborn's skin, they have distinct characteristics and causes. Understanding these differences can help parents manage their baby's skin health effectively. If there are any concerns about the rash or if it worsens, seeking professional medical advice is always the best course of action.
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