Abnormal Liver Function Tests: What You Need to Know - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) can be concerning, especially when the results show elevated levels of enzymes such as S.G.O.T (AST) and S.G.P.T (ALT). In your case, with AST at 100 and ALT at 127, these values are significantly above the normal reference ranges, indicating potential liver dysfunction or damage.

Understanding Liver Function Tests
1. What are AST and ALT?
- AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) and ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) are enzymes found primarily in the liver. They play a crucial role in amino acid metabolism. When liver cells are damaged, these enzymes leak into the bloodstream, leading to elevated levels in blood tests.

2. Interpreting Elevated Levels:
- Elevated AST and ALT levels can indicate various liver conditions, including:
- Fatty Liver Disease: Often associated with obesity, this condition can lead to inflammation and liver damage.

- Hepatitis: Viral infections (like Hepatitis B or C) can cause significant liver inflammation.

- Alcoholic Liver Disease: Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage.

- Medications and Toxins: Certain medications and substances can be hepatotoxic, leading to elevated liver enzymes.

- Other Conditions: Conditions such as autoimmune liver diseases, hemochromatosis, or Wilson's disease can also cause elevated liver enzymes.


The Connection Between Obesity and Liver Function
Your mention of being overweight is particularly relevant. Obesity is a significant risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe form of liver disease characterized by inflammation and liver cell damage. Weight loss through diet and exercise can significantly improve liver function and reduce enzyme levels.


Recommendations for Further Action
1. Consult a Healthcare Provider:
- It is crucial to follow up with a healthcare provider, preferably a gastroenterologist or hepatologist, who can evaluate your liver function tests in the context of your overall health, medical history, and lifestyle.

2. Additional Testing:
- Your doctor may recommend further tests, such as:
- Ultrasound: To assess for fatty liver or other structural abnormalities.

- Hepatitis Panel: To check for viral hepatitis infections.

- Liver Biopsy or FibroScan: In some cases, to assess the extent of liver damage.

3. Lifestyle Modifications:
- Diet: Adopt a balanced diet low in saturated fats and sugars. Focus on whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains.

- Exercise: Regular physical activity can help with weight loss and improve liver health.

- Avoid Alcohol: If you consume alcohol, consider reducing or eliminating it, as it can exacerbate liver damage.


Vaccination Against Hepatitis B
Regarding the recommendation to receive the Hepatitis B vaccine, this is a preventive measure. Hepatitis B is a viral infection that can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. If you are not already vaccinated, it is advisable to get vaccinated, especially since you have elevated liver enzymes, which may increase your risk of liver complications.


Conclusion
In summary, elevated liver enzymes such as AST and ALT are indicators of potential liver dysfunction and should not be ignored. Given your obesity and the recommendation for vaccination, it is essential to take proactive steps in managing your liver health. Regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider, lifestyle modifications, and appropriate vaccinations can significantly improve your liver function and overall health.