How to Perform a Breast Self-Examination: A Step-by-Step Guide - Breast and Thyroid

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Performing a breast self-examination (BSE) is an important practice that can help you become familiar with the normal look and feel of your breasts, making it easier to notice any changes that may require further evaluation by a healthcare professional. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to perform a breast self-examination effectively:

Step 1: Choose the Right Time
It’s best to perform a breast self-examination once a month, ideally a few days after your menstrual period ends when your breasts are less likely to be swollen or tender. If you no longer have periods, choose a specific day each month to do your examination.


Step 2: Visual Inspection
1. Stand in front of a mirror: Remove your top and bra so you can see your breasts clearly.

2. Look for changes: With your arms at your sides, look for any changes in the shape, size, or contour of your breasts. Pay attention to:
- Swelling or lumps
- Changes in the skin texture (dimpling, puckering, or redness)
- Changes in the nipple (inversion, discharge, or changes in color)
3. Raise your arms: Raise your arms above your head and look for the same changes. This position can sometimes reveal changes that are not visible when your arms are at your sides.


Step 3: Physical Examination
1. Lying down: Lie down on your back with a pillow under your right shoulder. This position flattens the breast tissue and makes it easier to examine.

2. Use your opposite hand: Using the fingers of your left hand, gently press down on your right breast. Use the pads of your fingers (not the tips) to feel for any lumps or abnormalities.

3. Pattern of examination: Use a circular motion, moving from the outer edges of the breast toward the nipple. You can also use a vertical strip pattern or a wedge pattern. Make sure to cover the entire breast area, including the armpit and the area between your breasts.

4. Apply different pressure levels: Use light pressure to feel the tissue closest to the skin, medium pressure for the middle layer, and firm pressure to feel the deeper tissue. This will help you detect any lumps or abnormalities.


Step 4: Repeat on the Other Breast
After examining the right breast, switch positions and repeat the examination on the left breast using the same technique.


Step 5: Check the Nipples
Gently squeeze each nipple to check for any discharge. Normal discharge is usually clear or milky, but any bloody or unusual discharge should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.


Step 6: Record Your Findings
Keep a record of your findings, noting any changes or abnormalities. If you notice any lumps, changes in size or shape, or any unusual discharge, make an appointment with your healthcare provider for further evaluation.


Additional Tips:
- Know your normal: Familiarize yourself with the normal look and feel of your breasts. This will help you notice any changes more easily.

- Don’t rush: Take your time during the examination to ensure you cover all areas thoroughly.

- Consult a healthcare provider: If you have any concerns or questions about your breast health, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional.


Conclusion
Breast self-examinations are a proactive way to monitor your breast health. While BSE is not a substitute for regular mammograms or clinical breast exams, it is an essential part of being aware of your body. Remember, early detection is key in managing breast health effectively. If you have any concerns or questions about your breast health or the examination process, consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance.