Hepatitis B Transmission Risks and Vaccination Needs

Hepatitis B transmission

Hello, my husband has a positive Hepatitis B surface antigen and a negative Hepatitis B surface antibody.
The core antibody was not tested, and his GOT and GPT levels are elevated but currently under control.
I understand that Hepatitis B can be transmitted through sexual contact, so why are all my tests negative? Should I get vaccinated? Two years ago, a small clinic indicated that he was a carrier, but a recent health check center said he was negative.
Can my husband still transmit the virus? Should I get tested again?

Penny, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2001/04/20

Dr. Yang Guojun reply Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Hepatitis B is not easily transmitted through sexual intercourse, but if you have a partner with Hepatitis B, you should know the correct ways to protect yourself.
This means you need to check for Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies.
If you have Hepatitis B surface antibodies, it indicates that you have immunity, and your partner will not transmit the virus to you.
If you test positive for Hepatitis B surface antigen, it means you are also a carrier, so there is no risk of mutual transmission.
If you find that neither antigen nor antibodies are present, please go to the hospital promptly to receive the vaccine, which will help you produce antibodies.
This way, you won't have to worry about your partner transmitting the virus to you.

Reply Date: 2001/04/20

More Info

Understanding Hepatitis B Transmission Risks and Vaccination Needs
Hello! Thank you for your question regarding Hepatitis B (HBV) and the associated risks of transmission, especially in the context of your husband's condition. Let's break down the situation and clarify some important points regarding Hepatitis B transmission, vaccination, and testing.

Hepatitis B Overview
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic diseases. The virus is primarily transmitted through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. This means that sexual contact is a significant route of transmission, but it can also be spread through sharing needles, from mother to child during childbirth, and through other means of blood exposure.

Your Husband's Condition
Your husband has tested positive for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), indicating an active infection. The negative result for Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) suggests that he has not developed immunity to the virus, either from vaccination or from a previous infection that has resolved. The elevated liver enzymes (GOT and GPT) indicate liver inflammation, which is a concern and requires monitoring and possibly treatment.

Your Risk of Infection
Given that your husband is HBsAg positive and you are HBsAg negative, you are currently at risk of contracting the virus through sexual contact. The fact that you have tested negative for Hepatitis B suggests that you have not been infected, but it does not eliminate the risk entirely, especially if protective measures are not taken.

Vaccination Recommendations
Since you are at risk of exposure to Hepatitis B, it is advisable for you to receive the Hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection and is recommended for individuals who are at risk, including those who have close contact with infected individuals. The vaccination series typically consists of three doses, administered over a six-month period.

Testing Considerations
Regarding your previous tests, it is essential to ensure that the results are accurate and up-to-date. If there is any doubt about your Hepatitis B status, it would be prudent to undergo further testing. This could include checking for Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and possibly a quantitative test for HBsAg to assess the viral load in your husband.

Conclusion
In summary, your husband’s positive HBsAg status indicates an active Hepatitis B infection, and your negative status suggests you have not been infected yet. However, you are at risk, particularly through sexual contact. It is highly recommended that you receive the Hepatitis B vaccine to protect yourself from potential infection. Additionally, consider discussing with your healthcare provider about retesting to confirm your current Hepatitis B status and to explore any necessary preventive measures.

Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and to discuss the best course of action based on your specific circumstances. Regular monitoring and appropriate medical care are crucial in managing Hepatitis B effectively.

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