Allergy Desensitization Therapy for Children: Benefits and Considerations

Q: Allergy Desensitization Therapy for Children: Benefits and Considerations

Hello! <br>1. <br>(1) Treatment： After confirming the allergy through allergy testing, the initial phase involves weekly injections, with each dose increasing by 25% to 100%, based on the principle that the swelling at the injection site should be less than 5 cm. <br>Generally, t

What is desensitization therapy?

Hello Dr.
Tsai: My child has just turned 4 years old and has been experiencing frequent colds over the past year (with symptoms primarily including thick nasal discharge and nasal congestion).
We have conducted allergy tests, and the doctor diagnosed him as a "super allergic child." Recently, he has been suffering from nasal congestion and runny nose for 2-3 months, primarily breathing through his mouth.
Each time we visit the doctor, they recommend "desensitization therapy." I would like to ask Dr.
Tsai: 1.
What is the treatment course and efficacy of "desensitization therapy," and are there any potential side effects? 2.
How common is this treatment? Are there hospitals in the Changhua area with more experience? 3.
Does this treatment have coverage under health insurance?

Aries, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2005/02/12

Dr. Cai Hongyan reply Otolaryngology

Hello!
1.
(1) Treatment: After confirming the allergy through allergy testing, the initial phase involves weekly injections, with each dose increasing by 25% to 100%, based on the principle that the swelling at the injection site should be less than 5 cm.
Generally, the maximum tolerable dose for the patient can be reached within six months, after which injections are administered biweekly.
The total treatment duration is approximately 2 to 3 years, and in some cases, it may extend to 3 to 5 years if necessary.
(2) Efficacy: According to research, one-third of individuals who do not receive desensitization therapy experience spontaneous improvement in symptoms, while more than three-quarters of those who undergo treatment show improvement.
(3) Side effects: Research indicates that the incidence of adverse reactions is 19.13%, primarily manifesting as asthma symptoms and urticaria, with very few cases experiencing anaphylactic shock, and almost no reported fatalities.
2.
Most medium to large hospitals offer desensitization therapy in their pediatric or otolaryngology departments, and some pediatric or otolaryngology clinics also provide this treatment.
Due to the need for long-term and continuous injections, it is generally recommended to seek treatment at a clinic or hospital close to home to avoid the burden of long-distance travel.
3.
As long as a specialist physician diagnoses an allergic condition and allergy testing identifies significant allergens, health insurance can cover the treatment.
Thank you for your inquiry!

Reply Date: 2005/02/12

More Info

Allergy desensitization therapy, also known as allergen immunotherapy, is a treatment designed to reduce sensitivity to allergens, thereby alleviating symptoms associated with allergic reactions. This therapy can be particularly beneficial for children who suffer from severe allergies, such as your child, who has been diagnosed as a "super allergic child." Below, I will address your questions regarding the therapy's course, efficacy, potential side effects, prevalence, and insurance coverage.

1. Course and Efficacy of Allergy Desensitization Therapy
Allergy desensitization therapy typically involves a series of injections or sublingual tablets containing small amounts of the allergens to which the patient is allergic. The treatment is divided into two phases: the buildup phase and the maintenance phase.
- Buildup Phase: This phase usually lasts for several months, during which the patient receives increasing doses of the allergen. This is done to gradually build tolerance. The frequency of these injections can vary, but they are often administered once a week or every other week.

- Maintenance Phase: After reaching the target dose, the patient moves to the maintenance phase, where they receive the allergen less frequently, typically once a month. This phase can last for several years, often ranging from three to five years.

The efficacy of this treatment can be significant. Many patients experience a reduction in allergy symptoms, decreased reliance on medications, and improved quality of life. However, it is essential to note that the response to therapy can vary from person to person, and it may take several months before noticeable improvements are seen.

2. Potential Side Effects
While allergy desensitization therapy is generally safe, it is not without potential side effects. Common side effects include:
- Local reactions at the injection site, such as swelling, redness, or itching.

- Systemic reactions, which can include sneezing, nasal congestion, or even more severe reactions like anaphylaxis, although this is rare.

It is crucial to have the therapy administered in a controlled environment, such as a doctor's office, where immediate medical assistance can be provided if necessary. Your child's doctor will monitor for any adverse reactions during the initial doses.

3. Prevalence and Availability in Changhua
Allergy desensitization therapy is becoming increasingly common as awareness of allergies and their impact on quality of life grows. Many hospitals and allergy clinics offer this treatment. In Changhua, you may want to consult with local hospitals or specialized allergy clinics to find practitioners with experience in administering allergen immunotherapy. It is advisable to seek recommendations from your pediatrician or a local allergist who can guide you to facilities with a good track record.

4. Insurance Coverage
In terms of insurance coverage, many health insurance plans do provide coverage for allergy desensitization therapy, but this can vary widely depending on the specific plan and provider. It is essential to check with your insurance company to understand what is covered, including any co-pays or out-of-pocket expenses you might incur. Your healthcare provider can also assist in this process by providing necessary documentation to support the medical necessity of the treatment.

Conclusion
In summary, allergy desensitization therapy can be a highly effective treatment for children with severe allergies. While it requires a commitment of time and regular visits to a healthcare provider, the potential benefits in terms of symptom relief and improved quality of life can be substantial. Always consult with your child's healthcare provider to discuss the best course of action tailored to your child's specific needs and circumstances.

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