Nail Splitting: Causes and Solutions for Soft Nails

Nail fissures

In the past month, my nails have become softer and are developing cracks at the tips.

Shi Ling, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2001/05/24

Dr. Liao Wenyu reply Dermatology

Sometimes it is due to work-related factors, such as frequent exposure to water or cleaning agents.
Other times, it may be caused by a deficiency in nutrients.

Reply Date: 2001/05/24

More Info

Nail splitting and soft nails can be a common concern, and understanding the underlying causes is essential for finding effective solutions. There are several factors that can contribute to the condition of your nails, including nutritional deficiencies, environmental factors, and underlying health issues.

Causes of Soft and Splitting Nails
1. Nutritional Deficiencies: One of the most common reasons for soft and splitting nails is a lack of essential nutrients. Biotin, a B vitamin, is particularly important for nail health. Deficiencies in other vitamins and minerals, such as zinc, iron, and protein, can also lead to weakened nails. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help improve nail strength.

2. Dehydration: Just like skin, nails can become dry and brittle if they are not adequately hydrated. Frequent exposure to water, especially hot water, can strip nails of their natural moisture. This is particularly common in individuals who wash their hands frequently or use harsh cleaning products without gloves.

3. Environmental Factors: Exposure to harsh chemicals, such as those found in cleaning products, nail polish removers, and even some soaps, can weaken nails. Additionally, extreme weather conditions, such as cold or dry air, can also contribute to nail splitting.

4. Health Conditions: Certain medical conditions can affect nail health. For instance, thyroid disorders, psoriasis, and fungal infections can lead to changes in nail texture and strength. If you notice other symptoms, such as changes in skin or hair, it may be worth consulting a healthcare professional.

5. Improper Nail Care: Overuse of nail polish, acrylic nails, or frequent manicures can weaken nails. Additionally, using nails as tools (e.g., opening packages) can lead to trauma and splitting.

Solutions for Soft and Splitting Nails
1. Dietary Changes: Incorporate foods rich in biotin, such as eggs, nuts, and whole grains, into your diet. Ensure you are getting enough protein and consider taking a multivitamin if you suspect a deficiency.

2. Hydration: Keep your nails and cuticles moisturized. Use a good quality hand cream or cuticle oil regularly, especially after washing your hands. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day is also crucial for overall hydration.

3. Gentle Nail Care: Avoid using harsh chemicals on your nails. Opt for acetone-free nail polish removers and consider using gloves when cleaning or doing dishes. Trim your nails regularly and file them gently to prevent splitting.

4. Limit Exposure to Water: Try to minimize prolonged exposure to water. When washing dishes or cleaning, wear rubber gloves to protect your nails from excessive moisture.

5. Consult a Healthcare Professional: If your nails continue to split and soften despite making these changes, it may be wise to consult a dermatologist or healthcare provider. They can assess for any underlying health issues and may recommend treatments such as topical treatments or supplements.

6. Nail Strengthening Products: There are various nail strengthening products available that can help improve the condition of your nails. Look for those that contain ingredients like keratin or calcium.

Conclusion
Soft and splitting nails can be a frustrating issue, but with the right approach, you can improve their health. Focus on a balanced diet, proper hydration, and gentle nail care practices. If the problem persists, seek professional advice to rule out any underlying health concerns. Remember, healthy nails are often a reflection of overall health, so taking care of your body will benefit your nails as well.

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