Sebaceous Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Sebaceous cyst

A long time ago, I got my ears pierced, and after a few months, I enlarged the piercings.
A few days after the enlargement, I noticed a lump near the left earlobe, where it connects to the neck, which sometimes bursts and bleeds.
It occasionally goes away, but then it swells up again.
Recently, I visited a doctor, who diagnosed it as a sebaceous cyst.
I asked him why this developed, and he said I was born with it and that it’s a matter of my body’s constitution.
However, I only noticed it after getting my ears pierced, and before that, when I touched the area, it felt smooth with nothing there.
After this lump appeared, even when it goes away, I can still feel a small bump.
What exactly is this? How can it be treated? The doctor mentioned it won’t heal unless surgically removed (which sounds scary...).
Please help me understand, thank you!

A Jun, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2005/04/22

Dr. Huang Ruiyun reply Dermatology

This issue is actually quite common, so there's no need to be overly anxious about it.
You can either ignore it or consult a plastic surgeon, an otolaryngologist, or a dermatologist for a minor procedure to resolve it.
Avoid trying to pierce or squeeze it yourself to prevent inflammation.

Reply Date: 2005/04/22

More Info

Sebaceous cysts, also known as epidermoid cysts, are common benign growths that can occur in various parts of the body, including the ears. They are formed when the sebaceous glands, which produce oil (sebum) to lubricate the skin, become blocked. This blockage can lead to the accumulation of sebum and dead skin cells, resulting in a cyst.

Causes of Sebaceous Cysts
1. Genetic Predisposition: Some individuals may have a genetic tendency to develop sebaceous cysts. This means that if someone in your family has had them, you might be more likely to develop them as well.

2. Skin Trauma: Physical trauma to the skin, such as from piercings or injuries, can lead to the formation of cysts. In your case, the expansion of your ear piercing may have contributed to the blockage of the sebaceous gland, leading to the cyst.

3. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during puberty, can increase oil production in the skin, which may contribute to cyst formation.

4. Chronic Skin Conditions: Conditions like acne can lead to clogged pores and sebaceous glands, increasing the likelihood of cyst development.

Symptoms of Sebaceous Cysts
Sebaceous cysts are usually painless and may not cause any symptoms unless they become infected. Common symptoms include:
- A small, round lump under the skin, which can be felt but may not be visible.

- Redness and swelling if the cyst becomes inflamed or infected.

- Discharge of a thick, yellowish substance if the cyst ruptures.

In your case, the cyst near your ear has been fluctuating in size, which is typical. It may become more prominent when inflamed or infected, and it can sometimes drain, leading to bleeding or discharge.

Treatment Options
1. Observation: If the cyst is not causing any discomfort or complications, your doctor may recommend simply monitoring it. Many sebaceous cysts do not require treatment unless they become bothersome.

2. Drainage: If the cyst becomes infected or painful, a healthcare provider may drain it. This procedure can relieve symptoms but may not prevent the cyst from returning.

3. Surgical Removal: The most definitive treatment for a sebaceous cyst is surgical excision. This involves removing the entire cyst and its contents, which can prevent recurrence. While surgery may sound daunting, it is typically a straightforward outpatient procedure performed under local anesthesia.

4. Medications: If there is an infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat it. However, antibiotics do not eliminate the cyst itself.

Prognosis and Considerations
Sebaceous cysts are generally harmless and do not pose serious health risks. However, they can be bothersome, especially if they become inflamed or infected. Surgical removal is the only way to ensure that the cyst does not return. If you are concerned about the procedure, discussing your fears with your healthcare provider can help alleviate anxiety and provide more information about what to expect.

In conclusion, while sebaceous cysts can be annoying, they are usually not a cause for concern. If you notice any changes in the cyst, such as increased pain, redness, or discharge, it is essential to consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation and management.

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