Multiple Sebaceous Cysts: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention - Family Medicine

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Sebaceous cysts, also known as epidermoid cysts, are common benign growths that can occur anywhere on the body, including the arms and chest. They are typically filled with a substance called keratin, which is a protein found in skin, hair, and nails. These cysts can appear as small, round lumps beneath the skin and may be white or yellowish in color. While they are generally harmless and do not pose a significant health risk, they can become bothersome if they become inflamed, infected, or if they interfere with activities such as injections or blood draws.


Causes of Sebaceous Cysts
Sebaceous cysts develop when the sebaceous glands, which produce an oily substance called sebum, become blocked. This blockage can occur due to various reasons, including:
1. Skin Trauma: Injury to the skin can lead to the formation of cysts. This could be from cuts, surgical procedures, or even acne.

2. Genetic Factors: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to developing multiple cysts.

3. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, especially during puberty, can increase the likelihood of cyst formation.

4. Chronic Skin Conditions: Conditions like acne or other skin disorders can contribute to the development of cysts.


Treatment Options
While sebaceous cysts often do not require treatment, there are several options available if they become bothersome or if you wish to have them removed:
1. Observation: If the cysts are not causing any discomfort or complications, your doctor may recommend simply monitoring them.

2. Incision and Drainage: If a cyst becomes inflamed or infected, a healthcare provider may perform a minor procedure to drain the cyst. This can provide immediate relief from discomfort.

3. Surgical Removal: For cysts that are recurrent or bothersome, surgical removal may be the best option. This procedure involves excising the cyst and its contents, which can prevent recurrence.

4. Injection of Steroids: In some cases, corticosteroid injections can help reduce inflammation and discomfort associated with cysts.


Prevention Strategies
While it may not be possible to completely prevent sebaceous cysts, there are some strategies that may help reduce their occurrence:
1. Good Skin Hygiene: Keeping the skin clean and well-moisturized can help prevent blockages in the sebaceous glands.

2. Avoiding Skin Trauma: Being cautious to avoid injuries to the skin can reduce the risk of cyst formation.

3. Regular Dermatological Check-ups: If you have a history of developing cysts, regular visits to a dermatologist can help monitor your skin and address any new growths promptly.


Conclusion
In summary, multiple sebaceous cysts are generally benign and can be managed effectively if they become bothersome. If you notice an increase in the number of cysts or if they become painful, it is advisable to consult with a dermatologist for a thorough evaluation and to discuss potential treatment options. While they are not harmful to your overall health, addressing any concerns you have about their appearance or discomfort is important for your peace of mind.