Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and it’s important to understand its potential causes and when to seek medical help. The presence of bright red blood during bowel movements, as you described, can be indicative of several conditions, ranging from benign to more serious issues.

One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding is hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the rectal area that can become inflamed and bleed, especially during bowel movements. The blood is typically bright red and may be seen on the toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. Other symptoms may include itching, discomfort, or a lump near the anus.

Another possible cause is anal fissures, which are small tears in the lining of the anus. These can occur due to passing hard stools and can cause sharp pain during bowel movements, along with bright red bleeding.

In some cases, rectal bleeding can be a sign of more serious conditions, such as diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or colorectal cancer. Diverticulosis involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall that can become inflamed or infected, leading to bleeding. IBD, which includes conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, can cause inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. Colorectal cancer, while less common, can also present with rectal bleeding, particularly in older adults or those with a family history of the disease.

Given your symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention, especially if the bleeding persists, increases in volume, or is accompanied by other symptoms such as abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or weight loss. A healthcare provider will likely perform a thorough evaluation, which may include a physical examination, a digital rectal exam, and possibly further diagnostic tests such as a colonoscopy or imaging studies to determine the underlying cause of the bleeding.

In summary, while rectal bleeding can often be attributed to benign conditions like hemorrhoids or anal fissures, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional to rule out more serious conditions. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms effectively and prevent complications. If you experience any alarming symptoms or if the bleeding does not resolve, do not hesitate to seek medical care.