Allergies: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis in Children

Allergy

Hello, Doctor.
I would like to ask you a question.
My brother has been experiencing allergies since the end of last year, but he doesn't know what caused them.
He is unsure if it was something he ate or if he came into contact with certain plants that triggered the allergic reaction.
Initially, his teacher applied some allergy medication, and he felt better after about an hour.
The second time, he had a similar reaction (just intense itching and rashes).
However, two days ago, he had another allergic reaction, and this time it was more severe.
In addition to itching, he almost fainted, and at the moment he felt faint, his vision became blurry.
His teacher suggested that we take him to the hospital to determine what he is allergic to.
I'm not sure if we should see a specialist in metabolic disorders or another department.
Also, what kind of tests would be done at the hospital to identify the source of his allergies? If my brother doesn't know what he is allergic to, will it be difficult for the doctor to determine the specific allergens? I apologize for my lack of knowledge in this area.
Could you please provide me with a detailed explanation? Thank you.

Wendy, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2006/05/15

Dr. Yang Hongzhi reply Internal Medicine

You can visit the rheumatology and immunology outpatient clinic, where certain tests can help identify allergens.

Reply Date: 2006/05/15

More Info

Understanding allergies in children is crucial, especially when symptoms can escalate quickly, as you've described with your brother. Allergies occur when the immune system reacts to a substance (allergen) that is typically harmless to most people. Common allergens include certain foods, pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and insect stings.

Causes of Allergies
In children, allergies can develop due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. If there is a family history of allergies, asthma, or eczema, the child is more likely to develop allergies. Environmental factors such as exposure to allergens at an early age, pollution, and even dietary habits can also play a role.

Symptoms of Allergies
The symptoms of allergies can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:
- Skin Reactions: Hives, rashes, or eczema.

- Respiratory Issues: Sneezing, nasal congestion, coughing, or wheezing.

- Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea (especially with food allergies).

- Anaphylaxis: A severe, potentially life-threatening reaction that can cause difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat, a rapid drop in blood pressure, and loss of consciousness.

In your brother's case, the itching and rash are indicative of an allergic reaction, and the recent episode where he felt faint and experienced blurred vision suggests a more severe reaction, possibly anaphylaxis. This is a medical emergency and requires immediate attention.

Diagnosis of Allergies
To diagnose allergies, healthcare providers typically follow these steps:
1. Medical History: A thorough history of symptoms, including when they occur, their duration, and any potential triggers (foods, environmental exposures, etc.) is essential.

2. Physical Examination: A physical exam can help identify any visible signs of an allergic reaction.

3. Allergy Testing:
- Skin Prick Tests: Small amounts of allergens are introduced into the skin to see if a reaction occurs.

- Blood Tests: These tests measure the immune system's response to specific allergens by checking for the presence of IgE antibodies.

4. Elimination Diet: If food allergies are suspected, an elimination diet may be recommended to identify the offending food.

Next Steps
Given your brother's symptoms, it is advisable to consult with an allergist or a pediatrician who specializes in allergies. They can provide a comprehensive evaluation and recommend appropriate testing.

Emergency Preparedness
If your brother has experienced severe allergic reactions, it may be necessary for him to carry an epinephrine auto-injector (like an EpiPen) for emergencies. This device can quickly reverse the symptoms of anaphylaxis and is critical for anyone with a history of severe allergic reactions.

Conclusion
Understanding allergies is a process that involves careful observation and testing. It’s essential to keep a record of any reactions and potential triggers to help healthcare providers make an accurate diagnosis. If your brother continues to experience symptoms, seeking medical attention promptly is crucial. With the right diagnosis and management plan, many children with allergies can lead healthy, active lives.

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