Is Your Elderly Relative at Risk of Medication Overdose?

Medication overdose?

Hello, Doctor: I would like to ask about my grandmother, who is 85 years old and generally in good health with very few illnesses.
Recently, she accidentally fell and has some difficulty walking, but she is very resistant to seeing a doctor.
She purchased iron supplements and calcium tablets to help her recover.
However, she is eager to get better and has not followed the instructions to take them for two months and two and a half months, respectively, and instead finished them all in just one week.
Could this cause any harm to her health? Thank you for your response.

Sha Sha, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2006/10/10

Dr. Cai Jueren reply Family Medicine

Hello, regarding older adults, their metabolic rate and basal metabolic rate tend to decrease with age.
All medications, whether prescription or over-the-counter, as well as vitamins or dietary supplements, must be metabolized by the liver or kidneys.
Therefore, the dosage for elderly patients should be adjusted according to their age and weight to avoid overloading their bodies.
As for your grandmother's situation, it is advisable to monitor her for at least 72 hours, as excess iron or calcium supplements will be metabolized by the kidneys and excreted in urine.
However, given your grandmother's advanced age, it is recommended that you take her to a family medicine clinic for some simple liver and kidney function tests for safety.
Thank you for your inquiry, and I hope the above information helps resolve your concerns.
Dr.
Tsai Jue-Ren, Hualien Hospital.

Reply Date: 2006/10/10

More Info

When it comes to elderly individuals, medication management is crucial due to the physiological changes that occur with aging, which can affect drug metabolism and increase the risk of adverse effects. In the case of your grandmother, who is 85 years old and has taken iron and calcium supplements in excess, there are several health risks associated with medication overdose that you should be aware of.

Firstly, the elderly often have a decreased metabolic rate, which means that their bodies process medications more slowly. This can lead to a buildup of drugs in the system if they are taken in higher than recommended doses. In your grandmother's case, taking two months' worth of iron and calcium supplements in just one week could potentially lead to toxicity.

Iron Overdose Risks:
Iron is an essential mineral, but excessive intake can lead to iron overload, which is particularly dangerous for older adults. Symptoms of iron toxicity may include gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), abdominal pain, and in severe cases, it can lead to organ damage, particularly to the liver and heart. Chronic iron overload can also result in conditions such as hemochromatosis, which can cause serious complications if not managed properly.

Calcium Overdose Risks:
Similarly, excessive calcium intake can lead to hypercalcemia, a condition characterized by elevated levels of calcium in the blood. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, constipation, confusion, and in severe cases, it can lead to kidney stones or impaired kidney function. For older adults, who may already have compromised kidney function, this can pose a significant risk.

Kidney Function and Medication:
Given your grandmother's age, it is advisable to monitor her kidney function, as the kidneys play a crucial role in filtering out excess substances from the body. If her kidneys are not functioning optimally, the risk of toxicity from both iron and calcium increases. Regular check-ups that include kidney function tests can help ensure that her body is processing these supplements safely.

Recommendations:
1. Consult a Healthcare Provider: It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional who can assess your grandmother's overall health and determine if any immediate action is needed. They may recommend blood tests to check iron and calcium levels, as well as kidney function tests.

2. Medication Management: If your grandmother is resistant to seeing a doctor, consider discussing the importance of medication management with her. Sometimes, involving a family member or a trusted friend can help encourage her to seek medical advice.

3. Education on Proper Dosage: Educating her about the importance of following prescribed dosages can prevent future incidents. It may be helpful to set up a medication schedule or use pill organizers to help her keep track of her supplements.

4. Monitor Symptoms: Keep an eye on any symptoms that may arise, such as gastrointestinal issues, fatigue, or confusion, and seek medical attention if they occur.

In conclusion, while your grandmother may have been trying to expedite her recovery, taking excessive amounts of iron and calcium can pose significant health risks. It is crucial to address this situation promptly to prevent potential complications. Regular monitoring and open communication with healthcare providers can help manage her health effectively.

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