AFP Levels: What Are the Correct Reference Values? - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

The standard value for AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein) levels?

Hello Dr.
Tsai, I recently received a health check report from Taipei Hospital indicating that my AFP level is 14.3, which is above the standard value.
The report states that the reference range should be 0-10.9, but my online research and previous test reports suggest that the standard value should be 20 or 20.9.
Which one is correct?

Hengli, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2006/12/09

Dr. Cai Yaozhou reply Gastroenterology and Hepatology

The reference range should be 0 to 10.9.

Reply Date: 2006/12/09

More Info

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein that is typically produced by the liver and yolk sac of a developing fetus. In adults, AFP levels are usually low, and elevated levels can indicate various medical conditions, including liver disease, certain cancers, and pregnancy-related changes. Understanding the correct reference values for AFP is crucial for interpreting test results accurately.

In your case, the report from Taipei Hospital indicates that the reference range for AFP is 0 to 10.9 ng/mL. This is consistent with many medical guidelines that suggest a normal AFP level in adults should generally be below 10 ng/mL. However, reference ranges can vary slightly between laboratories due to differences in testing methods and populations. Some sources may report a higher upper limit, such as 20 or 20.9 ng/mL, which can lead to confusion.

It's important to note that while AFP is a useful marker, it is not exclusively indicative of liver cancer or other malignancies. Elevated AFP levels can also occur in benign liver conditions, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, as well as in non-liver-related conditions like testicular cancer or certain germ cell tumors. Additionally, pregnancy can cause a natural increase in AFP levels, as it is produced by the fetal liver.

In your situation, an AFP level of 14.3 ng/mL is indeed above the reference range provided by the hospital. However, whether this elevation is clinically significant depends on various factors, including your medical history, any symptoms you may be experiencing, and the results of other liver function tests. It is also essential to consider the context of your health status, such as whether you have any underlying liver conditions or risk factors for liver disease.

If you have a history of hepatitis B or C, or if there are other risk factors for liver disease, it may warrant further investigation. Regular monitoring of AFP levels, along with imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans, can help assess the liver's condition and rule out malignancies.
In conclusion, while the reference value of 0 to 10.9 ng/mL is commonly accepted, variations exist, and it is crucial to interpret AFP levels in conjunction with other clinical findings. If you have concerns about your AFP levels or liver health, it is advisable to discuss them with your healthcare provider, who can provide personalized guidance based on your specific circumstances. Regular follow-ups and comprehensive evaluations are key to ensuring your health and addressing any potential issues early on.

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