Breast Pain: Causes and When to Seek Medical Advice - Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Breast pain, also known as mastalgia, is a common concern among women and can arise from a variety of causes. Understanding the underlying reasons for breast pain is crucial for determining the appropriate course of action and when to seek medical advice.


Causes of Breast Pain
1. Hormonal Changes: One of the most common causes of breast pain is hormonal fluctuations, particularly related to the menstrual cycle. Many women experience breast tenderness or pain in the days leading up to their period due to increased levels of estrogen and progesterone. This type of pain is often cyclical and can be more pronounced in women with conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which you mentioned having.

2. Fibrocystic Changes: This condition involves the presence of lumpy, painful areas in the breast tissue, often linked to hormonal changes. Women with fibrocystic breasts may experience pain that varies with their menstrual cycle.

3. Breast Infections or Inflammation: Conditions such as mastitis, which is an infection of the breast tissue, can cause localized pain, swelling, and redness. This is more common in breastfeeding women but can occur in others as well.

4. Physical Trauma: Any injury or trauma to the breast can lead to pain. This includes activities that may cause repetitive stress or impact to the breast area.

5. Cysts or Tumors: While most breast lumps are benign, any new or unusual lumps should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. Cysts can cause localized pain, while tumors may or may not be painful.

6. Other Medical Conditions: Sometimes, breast pain can be referred pain from other areas, such as the chest wall, heart, or gastrointestinal tract. Conditions like costochondritis (inflammation of the cartilage connecting ribs to the breastbone) can mimic breast pain.


When to Seek Medical Advice
Given your history of ovarian issues and the recent onset of breast pain, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider, particularly if:
- The pain persists or worsens over time.

- You notice any unusual changes in your breast, such as lumps, swelling, or changes in skin texture.

- You experience pain that is not related to your menstrual cycle.

- There are accompanying symptoms such as discharge from the nipple, fever, or significant changes in your menstrual cycle.


Recommended Specialists
For your situation, it would be appropriate to see a gynecologist, as they specialize in female reproductive health and can address hormonal issues, menstrual irregularities, and breast-related concerns. If necessary, they may refer you to a breast specialist or a surgeon for further evaluation, especially if imaging studies like a mammogram or ultrasound are indicated.


Conclusion
Breast pain can be multifactorial and is often related to hormonal changes, but it can also indicate other underlying conditions. Keeping a symptom diary, noting when the pain occurs, its intensity, and any associated symptoms can be helpful for your healthcare provider in diagnosing the issue. Early evaluation and intervention can help manage symptoms effectively and rule out any serious conditions. Always prioritize your health and seek medical advice when in doubt.