Dementia: Signs, Symptoms, and When to Seek Help

Q: Dementia: Signs, Symptoms, and When to Seek Help

Hello： Dementia, commonly referred to as senile dementia, refers to a comprehensive decline in cognitive abilities. <br>The primary symptom is memory loss, and when elderly individuals complain about memory decline, it is a significant warning sign that family members should take

Dementia

My mother is 70 years old.
In recent years, she has been experiencing strange behaviors.
First, she often brings up incidents from over a decade ago where my father harmed her, repeatedly mentioning these events, which has led to estrangement from the family.
Second, she can be completely normal one minute and then suddenly exhibit the aforementioned behavior the next minute.
Third, when I discuss and analyze these past events with her, she understands what I am saying clearly, but she responds that she cannot control her thoughts and words about it; she just feels resentful.
I read an article in a magazine about familial Alzheimer's disease.
The content was limited, but the symptoms seem similar.
Could my mother's condition be related to this disease? Should she see a psychiatrist? Can you provide relevant information?

mojack, 40~49 year old female. Ask Date: 2008/06/19

Dr. Zheng Jingming reply Psychiatry

Hello: Dementia, commonly referred to as senile dementia, refers to a comprehensive decline in cognitive abilities.
The primary symptom is memory loss, and when elderly individuals complain about memory decline, it is a significant warning sign that family members should take seriously.
They should take the patient to see a doctor for further examination to determine if there are early signs of geriatric dementia and to provide appropriate treatment.
There are various diseases that can cause dementia, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common; followed by vascular dementia due to multiple cerebral infarctions; and then less common but treatable forms of dementia, such as subdural hematoma, benign brain tumors, hypothyroidism, and depression.
Physicians will conduct various tests on the patient, such as blood tests, CT scans, or MRIs, to identify the underlying disease causing the dementia and to provide targeted treatment.
Your mother is 70 years old and often brings up incidents from over a decade ago where your father harmed her, repeatedly mentioning them to the point of alienating the family.
She has not mentioned any significant memory issues; generally, if there is no noticeable decline in memory, it is not considered dementia.
If the situation you described is indeed troubling, you may take her to a psychiatric outpatient clinic for evaluation.
Sincerely, Dr.
Cheng Ching-Ming, Chiayi Hospital.

Reply Date: 2008/06/19

More Info

Understanding dementia, particularly in older adults, is crucial for both the affected individuals and their families. Dementia is not a single disease but a general term that encompasses a range of symptoms associated with a decline in cognitive function, affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities severely enough to interfere with daily life. Given your mother's age and the symptoms you've described, it is essential to consider the possibility of dementia, including vascular dementia, which you mentioned.

Signs and Symptoms of Dementia
1. Memory Loss: One of the most common signs of dementia is memory loss, particularly short-term memory. Individuals may forget recent conversations or events but may remember details from many years ago.

2. Repetitive Behavior: As you noted, your mother frequently brings up past events, particularly distressing ones. This behavior can be indicative of dementia, where individuals may fixate on certain memories or thoughts.

3. Mood and Personality Changes: Dementia can lead to significant changes in mood and personality. Individuals may become withdrawn, anxious, or exhibit unusual behaviors that can alienate family members.

4. Difficulty with Communication: People with dementia may struggle to find the right words, follow conversations, or may repeat themselves frequently.

5. Disorientation: Confusion about time, place, or familiar people can also be a sign of dementia. This may manifest as difficulty recognizing familiar surroundings or people.

6. Impaired Judgment: Individuals may show poor judgment or decision-making abilities, which can lead to unsafe situations.

When to Seek Help
Given the symptoms you've described, it is advisable to seek help from a healthcare professional, particularly a neurologist or psychiatrist specializing in geriatric medicine. Early diagnosis can lead to better management of the condition and improve the quality of life for both the patient and their family.

Diagnostic Process
1. Medical History and Physical Examination: A thorough medical history will be taken, including any family history of dementia or other neurological conditions. A physical examination will help rule out other potential causes of the symptoms.

2. Cognitive and Neuropsychological Tests: These tests assess memory, problem-solving, attention, language, and other cognitive abilities. They can help determine the severity of cognitive impairment.

3. Brain Imaging: MRI or CT scans can help identify any structural changes in the brain that may indicate dementia or other conditions.

4. Blood Tests: These can help rule out other causes of cognitive decline, such as vitamin deficiencies or thyroid problems.

Types of Dementia
There are several types of dementia, including:
- Alzheimer's Disease: The most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline.

- Vascular Dementia: Often a result of strokes or other conditions that affect blood flow to the brain, leading to cognitive impairment.

- Lewy Body Dementia: Associated with abnormal protein deposits in the brain, leading to cognitive fluctuations, visual hallucinations, and movement disorders.

- Frontotemporal Dementia: Affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, leading to changes in personality and behavior.

Conclusion
Your mother's symptoms warrant a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional. It is essential to approach this situation with empathy and understanding, as the individual may not fully grasp their condition. Providing support and encouragement to seek medical help can be beneficial. Early intervention can lead to better management strategies, which may include medication, cognitive therapies, and lifestyle changes that can help slow the progression of the disease and improve quality of life.
If you have any further questions or need assistance in finding resources, do not hesitate to reach out to local health services or dementia support organizations. They can provide valuable information and support for both you and your mother during this challenging time.

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