Possible Causes of Oral Swelling and When to See an ENT Specialist - Otolaryngology

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When experiencing oral swelling, particularly in the area beneath the teeth and on the tongue, there are several potential causes to consider. The symptoms you've described, including swelling in the soft tissue of the mouth and the presence of a "mouth ulcer" (often referred to as an aphthous ulcer), can arise from various factors.

1. Infection: One of the most common causes of swelling in the oral cavity is an infection. This could be due to a dental abscess, which occurs when bacteria infect the tooth or the surrounding gum tissue. The swelling can be localized to the area around the affected tooth, leading to pain and discomfort. If the infection spreads, it can cause more extensive swelling and may require antibiotics or dental intervention.

2. Inflammation: Conditions such as gingivitis or periodontitis can lead to inflammation of the gums, resulting in swelling. These conditions are often caused by poor oral hygiene, leading to plaque buildup and subsequent gum disease. If left untreated, they can progress and cause significant oral health issues.

3. Allergic Reactions: Allergies to certain foods, medications, or dental materials can also cause swelling in the mouth. If you have recently introduced a new food or medication, this could be a potential cause.

4. Trauma: Any recent trauma to the mouth, such as biting the inside of your cheek or tongue, can lead to swelling and the formation of ulcers. This type of swelling is usually localized and may resolve on its own.

5. Systemic Conditions: Certain systemic conditions, such as autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus or Sjögren's syndrome), can manifest with oral symptoms, including swelling and ulcers. If you have other symptoms that suggest a systemic issue, it may be worth discussing with your healthcare provider.

6. Lymphadenopathy: The swollen lymph node you mentioned could indeed be related to the oral swelling. Lymph nodes can become enlarged in response to infections or inflammation in nearby areas, including the mouth. If the lymph node is tender and swollen, it may indicate that your body is fighting an infection.

Given these potential causes, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional, particularly an ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) specialist or a dentist, if the swelling persists, worsens, or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as fever, difficulty swallowing, or significant pain. An ENT specialist can evaluate the oral cavity and throat, assess for any underlying conditions, and recommend appropriate treatment.

In summary, the swelling beneath your teeth and on your tongue could be due to infection, inflammation, trauma, allergies, or systemic conditions. The associated swollen lymph node may indicate an immune response to an infection or inflammation in the oral cavity. Seeking medical advice is crucial to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.