Can a Sponge Test Confirm New Flu Infections? the Process - Internal Medicine

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The sponge test you are referring to is a method used to collect saliva or throat secretions for the purpose of testing for various viral infections, including influenza. However, it is important to clarify that while such tests can detect the presence of influenza virus antigens, they may not be able to distinguish between different strains of the virus, such as seasonal influenza (commonly referred to as "regular flu") and novel influenza strains, including those that may cause pandemics.

Current rapid tests for influenza typically work by detecting viral antigens in the sample collected from the throat or nasal passages. These tests can provide results within a short time frame, often within 15 to 30 minutes. However, their sensitivity can vary, with many rapid tests detecting only 40-60% of actual influenza cases. This means that a negative result does not definitively rule out an influenza infection, especially if the patient is symptomatic.

Regarding your question about the "克流感" (Keflu), which is likely a reference to a specific rapid influenza diagnostic test, it is crucial to understand that a positive result from such a test indicates a high suspicion of influenza infection. However, it does not specify which strain of influenza is present. Therefore, while a positive test can suggest that a person has influenza, it cannot confirm whether it is a novel strain or a seasonal strain without further testing.

To confirm the presence of a specific strain of influenza, more advanced testing methods, such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays, are required. PCR tests are more sensitive and can identify the specific type of influenza virus present in the sample. These tests are typically performed in laboratory settings and can provide a more definitive diagnosis.

In summary, while a sponge test can be useful for initial screening for influenza, it is not sufficient on its own to confirm a new flu infection or to differentiate between various strains. If there is a high suspicion of a novel influenza infection, further testing with more sensitive methods, such as PCR, would be necessary for accurate diagnosis and appropriate public health response.

In the context of public health, understanding the differences between various influenza strains is crucial, especially during flu seasons or potential pandemic situations. Monitoring and identifying the specific strains circulating in the community can help inform vaccination strategies and treatment protocols. Therefore, if you suspect you have influenza or have been in contact with someone diagnosed with a novel strain, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate testing and guidance.