Mediterranean Anemia: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Types - Internal Medicine

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Dear Patient,
Thank you for reaching out with your concerns regarding your recent blood test results and the possibility of anemia. Based on the values you've provided, it does appear that you are experiencing anemia, as indicated by your hemoglobin (Hb) level of 8.8 g/dL, which is below the normal range for adults (typically around 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL for men and 12.0 to 15.5 g/dL for women).
To determine the type of anemia you may have, we need to consider several factors, including your blood test results and the symptoms you are experiencing. The key indicators from your results are:
1. Low Hemoglobin (Hb): 8.8 g/dL
2. Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): 78.8 fL (normal range is typically 80-100 fL)
3. Low Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): 22.2 pg (normal range is typically 27-31 pg)
4. Normal Ferritin: 251.8 ng/mL (normal range is typically 30-300 ng/mL for men and 15-150 ng/mL for women)
The low MCV and MCH values suggest that your red blood cells are smaller than normal and contain less hemoglobin, which is characteristic of microcytic anemia. The normal ferritin level indicates that your iron stores are adequate, which makes iron deficiency anemia less likely.

Given these results, it is possible that you may have thalassemia, specifically Mediterranean anemia, which is a genetic form of anemia characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin. This condition is common in individuals of Mediterranean descent, and it can lead to microcytic anemia.
Another possibility is anemia of chronic disease, which can also present with low MCV and MCH but typically occurs in the context of chronic illness or inflammation. However, your normal ferritin level makes this less likely.

To further clarify your diagnosis, additional tests may be necessary, including:
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis: This test can help identify different types of hemoglobin and is crucial for diagnosing thalassemia or other hemoglobinopathies.

- Reticulocyte count: This measures how quickly your bone marrow is producing new red blood cells and can help determine if your body is responding appropriately to the anemia.

- Peripheral blood smear: This test examines the shape and size of your red blood cells under a microscope, providing further clues about the type of anemia.

In terms of symptoms, you mentioned experiencing dizziness and pallor, which are common signs of anemia. Other symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and an increased heart rate. It is essential to address these symptoms and the underlying cause of your anemia.

I recommend following up with your healthcare provider to discuss your test results in detail and to determine the next steps for diagnosis and management. Treatment will depend on the specific type of anemia diagnosed and may include dietary changes, supplements, or other therapies as needed.

In summary, based on your blood test results, you likely have anemia, and the characteristics suggest it may be thalassemia or another microcytic anemia. Further testing is essential for a definitive diagnosis. Please take care of yourself, and I hope you find this information helpful.

Best regards,
Doctor Q&A Teams