Sebaceous Cysts: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options - Dermatology

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Sebaceous cysts, also known as epidermoid cysts or atheromas, are common benign growths that can occur on various parts of the body, including the arms, thighs, and other areas prone to friction or irritation. These cysts form when the sebaceous glands, which produce oil to lubricate the skin, become blocked. The contents of a sebaceous cyst typically consist of keratin, a protein found in skin cells, and may appear as a small, round lump beneath the skin.


Symptoms
The symptoms of sebaceous cysts can vary, but they often include:
- A small, round bump under the skin that may be movable.

- The cyst may be painless, but it can become tender or painful if it becomes inflamed or infected.

- The cyst may have a visible opening (punctum) from which a thick, white, cheesy substance can be expressed.

- In some cases, the cyst can grow larger and cause discomfort, especially if located in areas subject to friction, such as the thighs or elbows.


Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a sebaceous cyst is typically made through a physical examination. A healthcare provider will assess the characteristics of the cyst, including its size, shape, and location. In some cases, imaging studies such as ultrasound may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions, such as lipomas or abscesses.


Treatment Options
1. Observation: If the cyst is small, painless, and not causing any issues, it may simply be monitored over time. Many sebaceous cysts do not require treatment unless they become symptomatic.

2. Medication: If the cyst becomes inflamed or infected, a healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection. In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be used to reduce inflammation.

3. Surgical Removal: If the cyst is large, painful, or recurrent, surgical removal may be recommended. This procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia. The cyst is excised along with its sac to prevent recurrence. It is important to note that surgery is usually not performed if the cyst is inflamed or infected, as this can increase the risk of complications.

4. Drainage: In cases where the cyst is infected and has formed an abscess, drainage may be performed. However, this is usually a temporary solution, and surgical removal may still be necessary later.


When to Seek Treatment
You should consider seeking treatment if:
- The cyst becomes painful or tender.

- There are signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, warmth, or discharge.

- The cyst grows larger or changes in appearance.

- The cyst interferes with daily activities or causes discomfort.


Conclusion
In your case, the presence of a cyst on your elbow and a larger cyst on your thigh that causes discomfort when sitting suggests that surgical evaluation may be warranted, especially if the cysts are symptomatic. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider who can assess the cysts and discuss the best course of action based on their size, location, and any associated symptoms. If surgery is indicated, it can provide relief and prevent further complications. Always prioritize your health and seek professional medical advice when in doubt.