Managing Nasal Allergies in Infants: Tips for Parents

Nasal allergies

Dr.
He: Hello, my child is almost 8 months old.
During the winter, with temperature changes, he tends to sneeze, and in severe cases, he has a runny nose and nasal congestion.
I would like to ask Dr.
He the following questions: 1.
Besides home cleaning to remove dust and allergens, what other methods can be used to prevent and improve his condition or boost his immunity? Is taking probiotics to improve gastrointestinal health a viable option? 2.
As nasal allergies become more severe, is there a risk that it could develop into asthma? Thank you for your response.

Cindy Tsai, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2011/05/31

Dr. He Ciyuan reply Pediatrics

1.
It is important to maintain a balanced diet, engage in moderate exercise, and ensure adequate rest to support immune function.
It is recommended to undergo blood tests to identify allergens to avoid them.
Additionally, pay attention to weather changes, especially in cold and windy conditions, and consider wearing a mask if necessary.
On days with sandstorms, it is advisable to minimize outdoor activities.
2.
Although current scientific evidence supports the use of probiotics in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children, the clinical efficacy remains uncertain.
However, there is some evidence supporting the use of probiotics for the prevention of atopic dermatitis in children.
Research on the role of probiotics in respiratory allergies (specifically allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma) is limited, and the conclusions regarding their preventive or therapeutic use are inconsistent (refer to the 68th issue of the National Taiwan University Children's Hospital newsletter).
3.
Epidemiological studies indicate that 78% of asthma patients exhibit nasal symptoms, while 38% of patients with allergic rhinitis have experienced asthma.
Numerous past studies have established a temporal correlation between the onset of rhinitis and asthma symptoms, with rhinitis symptoms typically occurring before or simultaneously with asthma symptoms.
Treating allergic rhinitis can alleviate asthma symptoms, and if allergic rhinitis is not appropriately managed, asthma symptoms are unlikely to improve consistently (refer to the patient education materials from Mackay Memorial Hospital's Allergy and Asthma Group).

Reply Date: 2011/05/31

More Info

Managing nasal allergies in infants can be a challenging task for parents, especially during the winter months when temperature fluctuations can exacerbate symptoms. Here are some tips and insights based on current medical understanding and practices.

1. Environmental Control and Prevention
The first step in managing nasal allergies is to create a clean and allergen-free environment. This includes:
- Regular Cleaning: Frequent vacuuming and dusting can help reduce dust mites, pet dander, and other allergens. Use a vacuum cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter for better results.

- Humidity Control: Maintaining indoor humidity levels between 30% and 50% can help reduce mold growth and dust mites. A dehumidifier may be beneficial in damp areas.

- Air Filters: Consider using HEPA air purifiers in the child’s room to filter out airborne allergens.

- Avoiding Smoke and Strong Odors: Keep the infant away from secondhand smoke and strong household cleaners or fragrances that can irritate the nasal passages.

2. Nutritional Support and Immune Function
A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining a healthy immune system. While there is limited evidence regarding the direct impact of probiotics on respiratory allergies, some studies suggest that probiotics may help in preventing atopic conditions, including eczema and possibly allergic rhinitis. Here are some dietary tips:
- Fruits and Vegetables: Encourage a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, which provide essential vitamins and antioxidants that support immune health.

- Probiotics: While the evidence is still inconclusive, introducing probiotics through yogurt or supplements may be beneficial for gut health. However, consult with a pediatrician before starting any new supplements.

3. Monitoring Symptoms and Seeking Medical Advice
As symptoms progress, it is essential to monitor their severity. If your infant experiences persistent nasal congestion, sneezing, or other allergy symptoms, it may be time to consult a pediatrician or an allergist. They can perform allergy testing to identify specific triggers and recommend appropriate treatments.

4. Understanding the Relationship Between Allergies and Asthma
Parents often worry about the progression of nasal allergies into asthma. Research indicates a significant correlation between allergic rhinitis and asthma. Approximately 78% of asthma patients report nasal symptoms, and many children with allergic rhinitis may develop asthma later in life. Therefore, managing nasal allergies effectively can help mitigate the risk of developing asthma.

5. Treatment Options
If environmental controls and dietary adjustments do not alleviate symptoms, medical treatment may be necessary. Here are some common options:
- Saline Nasal Drops: These can help moisten nasal passages and clear mucus.

- Antihistamines: For older infants and children, second-generation antihistamines (like cetirizine or loratadine) can be effective in managing allergy symptoms. Always consult a healthcare provider for appropriate dosing.

- Nasal Corticosteroids: For more severe symptoms, pediatricians may prescribe nasal corticosteroids, which are safe for children over two years of age and can significantly reduce inflammation in the nasal passages.

Conclusion
Managing nasal allergies in infants requires a multifaceted approach that includes environmental control, dietary considerations, and medical intervention when necessary. Parents should remain vigilant about their child’s symptoms and consult healthcare professionals for tailored advice and treatment options. By taking proactive steps, parents can help their infants navigate the challenges of nasal allergies and improve their overall quality of life.

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