Blood in Stool: Key Signs and Causes to Know - Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Q: Blood in Stool: Key Signs and Causes to Know

Hello： If you notice blood in your stool, it would be helpful for you to provide more details. <br>For example： (1) If the stool color is normal but there is bright red blood on the toilet paper after wiping, it is usually due to hemorrhoidal bleeding or injury to the skin around

Blood in the stool?

Blood in the stool can be a sign of various medical conditions.
It may indicate issues such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) like Crohn's disease

Xiao Nan, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2012/12/25

Dr. Cai Anshun reply Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Hello: If you notice blood in your stool, it would be helpful for you to provide more details.
For example: (1) If the stool color is normal but there is bright red blood on the toilet paper after wiping, it is usually due to hemorrhoidal bleeding or injury to the skin around the anus from wiping.
(2) If the stool color is normal but there is bright red blood mixed in the stool, it may indicate hemorrhoidal bleeding or rectal polyps or tumors.
(3) If the blood is black or red, consider the possibility of significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding or bleeding from the upper part of the small or large intestine.
(4) If the stool is black, it tends to indicate upper gastrointestinal bleeding (such as from gastric or duodenal ulcers).
If there are any uncertainties, please seek medical attention for a proper evaluation and appropriate tests.
Changhua Hospital cares about your health.
Dr.
Tsai An-shun.

Reply Date: 2012/12/25

More Info

Blood in stool can be a concerning symptom and may indicate a variety of underlying health issues. Understanding the potential causes and accompanying signs is crucial for determining the appropriate course of action. Here’s a comprehensive overview of what blood in stool might signify, the potential causes, and when to seek medical attention.

Key Signs and Symptoms
1. Color of the Blood:
- Bright Red Blood: This often indicates bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract, such as the rectum or anus. Common causes include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or diverticular disease.

- Dark Red or Maroon Blood: This may suggest bleeding from higher up in the gastrointestinal tract, such as the colon or small intestine. Conditions like diverticulitis or colorectal cancer could be responsible.

- Black, Tarry Stool (Melena): This typically indicates bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as the stomach or esophagus. Possible causes include peptic ulcers, gastritis, or esophageal varices.

2. Accompanying Symptoms:
- Abdominal Pain: This can range from mild discomfort to severe pain, depending on the underlying cause.

- Changes in Bowel Habits: Diarrhea, constipation, or changes in the frequency of bowel movements may accompany blood in stool.

- Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss can be a red flag for serious conditions, including cancer.

- Fatigue or Weakness: This may indicate significant blood loss leading to anemia.

Potential Causes
1. Hemorrhoids: Swollen veins in the rectum or anus that can cause bright red blood during bowel movements.

2. Anal Fissures: Small tears in the lining of the anus, often resulting from passing hard stools.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulitis can cause inflammation and bleeding in the colon.

4. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can lead to bloody stools.

5. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the intestines.

6. Polyps or Colorectal Cancer: Polyps can bleed, and colorectal cancer is a serious condition that often presents with blood in the stool.

7. Peptic Ulcers: Ulcers in the stomach or duodenum can cause bleeding, leading to dark, tarry stools.

When to Seek Medical Attention
It is essential to seek medical care if you notice blood in your stool, especially if it is accompanied by other concerning symptoms such as:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Persistent diarrhea
- Signs of anemia (fatigue, weakness, pale skin)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Changes in bowel habits lasting more than a few days

Diagnostic Approach
Upon visiting a healthcare provider, they may perform several diagnostic tests, including:
- Physical Examination: A thorough examination to check for any visible signs of bleeding or abnormalities.

- Blood Tests: To check for anemia and assess overall health.

- Stool Tests: To identify any infections or the presence of blood.

- Endoscopy or Colonoscopy: These procedures allow direct visualization of the gastrointestinal tract and can help identify the source of bleeding.

Conclusion
Blood in stool is a symptom that should not be ignored. While it can be caused by relatively benign conditions like hemorrhoids or anal fissures, it can also indicate more serious health issues, including cancer. Understanding the signs, potential causes, and the importance of seeking timely medical evaluation is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. If you experience blood in your stool, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional promptly to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate care.

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