Can Congenital Joint Stiffness Be Treated at Age 13? Insights and Home Exercises

Congenital Joint Stiffness Syndrome

Doctor, excuse me, may I ask if it is still possible to treat congenital joint stiffness syndrome at the age of 13? If treatment starts now, to what extent can recovery be expected? (The knee can bend to about 60 degrees.) Are there any exercises that can be done at home or in daily life? If it's convenient, could you explain what kind of condition this is? Is it due to mutations or genetics? I apologize for the many questions.
Thank you, doctor.

123, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2013/06/01

Dr. Chen Yongxue reply Orthopedics

Hello,
In response to your inquiry, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is a rare congenital disorder that affects multiple joints and is associated with symptoms such as muscle weakness and muscle fibrosis.
The extent of involvement can vary among patients; some may only have a few joints affected, with minimal impact on joint mobility, while most patients experience involvement of the joints in all four limbs, including the hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, hips, knees, ankles, and foot joints.
In more severe cases, even the spine and temporomandibular joints may be affected.
The exact cause of this condition is unknown, and there are various theories, but no consensus has been reached.
The classification is complex, with up to fifteen categories, primarily based on associated conditions, such as those affecting the nervous system, connective tissue, or the specific joints involved.
Symptoms mainly include stiffness and weakness in the limb joints.
In severe cases, spinal curvature may lead to underdeveloped lungs or respiratory issues, and some patients may experience growth delays and facial deformities.
However, cognitive abilities and language development are typically normal.
Treatment aims to improve symptoms.
For mild cases, rehabilitation therapy is the primary approach, focusing on joint stretching, strength training, and increasing joint mobility, with the goal of enabling patients to achieve self-care and vocational abilities.
In more severe cases, surgical interventions such as joint release surgery, tendon release surgery, or pelvic corrective surgery may be necessary to assist with joint mobility.

Fortunately, this condition is non-progressive, meaning that joint and pelvic deformities do not worsen over time.

You mentioned that your knee joint has approximately 60 degrees of motion, which I believe is a result of the collaborative efforts of the medical team, the patient, and their family.
Rehabilitation therapy seems to be the most suitable approach for you at this time.
If there are significant contractures or joint stiffness, surgical treatment should still be considered.

If you have any further questions, please seek additional assistance from a rehabilitation physician.
Sincerely,
Orthopedic Department, Keelung Hospital
Chen Yong-Hsueh

Reply Date: 2013/06/01

More Info

Congenital joint stiffness, also known as congenital arthrogryposis or arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, is a condition characterized by joint contractures and stiffness present at birth. However, it can also manifest later in childhood, as in your case at age 13. The severity and extent of joint stiffness can vary significantly among individuals, and the condition can affect multiple joints, leading to limitations in mobility and function.

To address your question about treatment at age 13, it is indeed possible to pursue treatment and rehabilitation at this age. While early intervention is often ideal for conditions like congenital joint stiffness, many individuals have successfully improved their joint mobility and overall function with appropriate therapies, even later in childhood or adolescence. The extent of recovery can depend on several factors, including the specific joints involved, the degree of stiffness, and the commitment to a rehabilitation program.

A comprehensive treatment plan typically includes physical therapy, which focuses on stretching and strengthening exercises tailored to your specific needs. Here are some insights and home exercises that may help improve your condition:
1. Stretching Exercises: Gentle stretching of the affected joints is crucial. For your knees, you can perform passive stretching by sitting on the floor with your legs extended. Use a towel or strap to gently pull your foot towards you, aiming to increase the range of motion gradually. Hold each stretch for 15-30 seconds and repeat several times a day.

2. Strengthening Exercises: Strengthening the muscles around the joints can help improve stability and function. Simple exercises like leg lifts, where you lie on your back and lift one leg at a time, can be beneficial. Start with a few repetitions and gradually increase as tolerated.

3. Range of Motion Activities: Incorporate activities that promote joint movement, such as cycling on a stationary bike or swimming. These low-impact exercises can help maintain joint flexibility without putting excessive strain on the joints.

4. Functional Activities: Engage in daily activities that encourage movement, such as walking or climbing stairs. These activities can help improve overall mobility and strength.

5. Use of Assistive Devices: Depending on the severity of your condition, using braces or splints may be recommended to support the joints and improve alignment during activities.

Regarding the underlying causes of congenital joint stiffness, it can be attributed to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Genetic mutations affecting muscle and connective tissue development can lead to joint stiffness. In some cases, it may also be associated with other conditions, such as neuromuscular disorders.

It is essential to work closely with a healthcare professional, such as a physical therapist or orthopedic specialist, who can provide personalized guidance and monitor your progress. They can help you set realistic goals and adjust your treatment plan as needed.

In summary, while starting treatment at age 13 may present some challenges, it is certainly possible to make significant improvements in joint mobility and function. With dedication to a rehabilitation program and appropriate exercises, you can work towards enhancing your quality of life and achieving better movement in your joints. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new exercise regimen to ensure it is safe and suitable for your specific condition.

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