Allergic Rhinitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Allergy and Nasal Congestion Treatment

Hello, doctor.
I would like to ask a few more questions.

1.
I frequently experience alternating unilateral nasal congestion, occasional sneezing, and thicker nasal mucus.
Although the amount is not significant, I am unable to expel it and can only inhale it, then clear it from my throat.
Is this caused by allergic nasal congestion?
2.
My nose often produces dry mucus (boogers), and I am sensitive to temperature changes, dust, and odors, which leads to eye fatigue and a sensation of nasal mucus, resulting in decreased energy (I feel somewhat better when wearing a mask all day).
Is this what is referred to as vasomotor rhinitis, or is it allergic rhinitis?
3.
Since medication has not resolved my nasal congestion and the symptoms mentioned above, I am considering surgery.
I have heard that surgery can only improve nasal congestion! However, I have seen many references to laser and radiofrequency treatments that claim to cure nasal allergies.
What is the actual situation regarding these treatments? Thank you.

wei, 40~49 year old female. Ask Date: 2015/03/31

Dr. Zheng Jueyi reply Otolaryngology

Dear Wei,
Hello, your symptoms are more indicative of allergic rhinitis.
I recommend consulting a physician to confirm the diagnosis.
Most inferior turbinate surgeries have a good effect on nasal congestion.
As for the use of radiofrequency to ablate the nerves that trigger rhinorrhea, the effectiveness can be variable, and it is quite expensive out-of-pocket, so please consider it carefully.
Generally, allergies are still related to one's constitution, so I suggest increasing physical activity to improve your overall health.
Wishing you safety and health,
Dr.
Cheng Jue-Yi
Director, Department of Otolaryngology
Taoyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare

Reply Date: 2015/03/31

More Info

Allergic rhinitis is a common condition that affects many individuals, characterized by an allergic response to airborne allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mold, and pet dander. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for effective management.

Causes of Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens. Upon exposure, the body releases histamines and other chemicals, leading to inflammation and symptoms. Factors contributing to allergic rhinitis include:
1. Genetic Predisposition: A family history of allergies increases the likelihood of developing allergic rhinitis.

2. Environmental Factors: Exposure to allergens, particularly during childhood, can trigger the condition. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, mold spores, and animal dander.

3. Air Quality: Poor air quality, pollution, and exposure to tobacco smoke can exacerbate symptoms.

4. Weather Changes: Seasonal changes can influence the presence of allergens, particularly pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds.

Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis
Symptoms can vary in severity and may include:
- Nasal Congestion: Often experienced as alternating nasal blockage, which can lead to difficulty breathing through the nose.

- Rhinorrhea: Clear, watery nasal discharge that may become thicker and more colored if secondary infections occur.

- Sneezing: Frequent sneezing, especially upon exposure to allergens.

- Itchy Eyes, Nose, and Throat: Allergic reactions often cause itchiness in these areas.

- Fatigue: Chronic symptoms can lead to fatigue and decreased quality of life.

Treatment Options
1. Avoidance of Triggers: The first step in managing allergic rhinitis is to identify and avoid allergens. This may include using air purifiers, keeping windows closed during high pollen seasons, and regularly cleaning to reduce dust mites and mold.

2. Medications:
- Antihistamines: These are commonly used to relieve sneezing, itching, and runny nose. They can be taken orally or as nasal sprays.

- Nasal Corticosteroids: These are effective in reducing inflammation and nasal congestion. They are often considered the first-line treatment for persistent allergic rhinitis.

- Decongestants: These can provide temporary relief from nasal congestion but should not be used for extended periods due to potential rebound congestion.

- Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists: These medications can help manage symptoms, particularly in individuals with concurrent asthma.

3. Immunotherapy: For individuals with severe allergic rhinitis that does not respond to medications, allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots or sublingual tablets) may be an option. This treatment involves gradually exposing the patient to increasing amounts of the allergen to build tolerance.

4. Surgical Options: In cases where nasal obstruction is significant and does not respond to medical therapy, surgical interventions may be considered. Procedures can include:
- Nasal Polypectomy: Removal of nasal polyps that may obstruct airflow.

- Septoplasty: Correction of a deviated septum.

- Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: To improve drainage of the sinuses.

5. Laser and Radiofrequency Treatments: These newer techniques aim to reduce nasal congestion by targeting the tissues in the nasal passages. While some patients report improvement, the long-term efficacy and safety of these procedures are still being studied.

Conclusion
If you are experiencing persistent symptoms of nasal congestion, thick nasal discharge, and sensitivity to environmental factors, it is crucial to consult with an ENT specialist or an allergist. They can conduct appropriate tests, such as allergy skin tests or blood tests, to identify specific allergens and tailor a treatment plan that may include medications, lifestyle changes, or surgical options. Early intervention can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the risk of complications such as sinus infections or asthma exacerbations.

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