Can Hepatitis B Carriers Transmit the Virus to Partners Without Antibodies?

Hepatitis B carrier

I am a carrier of hepatitis B.
If the person I like does not have antibodies, can I transmit the virus to them? I have had tests done before, and the doctor said there were no issues.

Niming, 10~19 year old female. Ask Date: 2016/01/07

Dr. Xiao Yongxun reply Internal Medicine

1.
The causes of hepatitis B infection can be divided into vertical and horizontal transmission.
The former refers to infants being infected by hepatitis B carrier mothers at birth or during the perinatal period, while the latter includes sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, sharing needles, dialysis, tattooing, tooth extraction, ear piercing, sharing razors, and exposure to wounds of hepatitis B carriers.
In summary, infection occurs when carrier serum enters the body through any wound.
However, according to epidemiological studies, less than 3% of individuals who become infected after adulthood develop chronic hepatitis B.
Furthermore, since 1984, our country has implemented a universal hepatitis B vaccination program for infants and young children, resulting in a decrease in the carrier rate among young people to 1%.
2.
Regarding your statement, "I previously had tests, but the doctor said there were no issues," I do not understand.
Since you have confirmed that you are a hepatitis B carrier, how can you say there is no possibility of transmission? One possible explanation is that young people born after 1984 in our country have been vaccinated and possess antibodies, thus the likelihood of transmission is very low.
On the other hand, as the immune system matures after adulthood, even if infected, individuals may produce antibodies and may not necessarily become carriers.
3.
When you become pregnant and give birth in the future, it is essential to inform your obstetrician that you are a hepatitis B carrier; obstetricians need to take certain preventive measures to avoid vertical transmission.
4.
If necessary, please consult your family physician in person for further advice.

Reply Date: 2016/01/07

More Info

As a Hepatitis B carrier, it is understandable to have concerns about the potential transmission of the virus to your partner, especially if they do not have antibodies against Hepatitis B. The transmission of Hepatitis B primarily occurs through contact with infectious body fluids, including blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. While the virus can be present in saliva, the risk of transmission through kissing is significantly lower compared to other routes, such as sexual contact or sharing needles.

1. Transmission Risks: Hepatitis B can be transmitted through various means, including sexual contact, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth. If you have open sores or cuts in your mouth, the risk of transmission through kissing may increase, but this is still considered a low-risk scenario. The primary concern arises when there is direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids.

2. Vaccination and Antibody Presence: If your partner has not been vaccinated against Hepatitis B and does not have antibodies, they are at risk of contracting the virus if they come into contact with your infectious fluids. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing Hepatitis B infection. If your partner has been vaccinated and has developed protective antibodies (anti-HBs), they are generally considered immune to the virus and should not be at risk of infection.

3. Understanding Your Status: Being a carrier means that the Hepatitis B virus is present in your blood, and you may be infectious. However, not all carriers will transmit the virus to others. The likelihood of transmission can depend on several factors, including your viral load (the amount of virus in your blood) and whether you have any active liver disease. Regular monitoring of your health and viral load is essential in managing your condition.

4. Testing and Monitoring: It is crucial for your partner to get tested for Hepatitis B. If they are found to be negative for the virus, vaccination is highly recommended. Additionally, you should ensure that you are regularly monitored by a healthcare professional to assess your liver health and viral load. This will help you understand your infectiousness and guide your decisions regarding intimate contact.

5. Communication and Precautions: Open communication with your partner about your Hepatitis B status is vital. Discussing the risks and taking appropriate precautions, such as using condoms during sexual activity, can significantly reduce the risk of transmission. If your partner is concerned, they should consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and potential vaccination.

6. Conclusion: In summary, as a Hepatitis B carrier, there is a risk of transmission to your partner if they do not have antibodies against the virus. The best course of action is to ensure that they are tested and vaccinated if necessary. Maintaining regular check-ups and monitoring your health will also help manage the risks associated with being a carrier. Always prioritize open communication and safe practices to protect both your health and that of your partner.

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