Antibiotics and Pregnancy: Safety Concerns and Vaginal Health
Antibiotics and Pregnancy Hello Dr. Lin: On November 1st, I noticed a lot of yellow vaginal discharge, and the doctor prescribed a vaginal suppository (TALSUTIN VAG) to be taken at bedtime, which helped a bit. On November 15th, the doctor prescribed an antibiotic (TINIDAZOLE 500M...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
The normal vaginal pH ranges from approximately 4.0 to 4.9, which indicates a balanced state of the normal flora in the vagina, particularly lactobacilli. If the pH level rises due to factors such as individual constitution, fatigue, or infection, it can promote the growth of ana...[Read More] Antibiotics and Pregnancy: Safety Concerns and Vaginal Health
Understanding Painless Breast Lumps: What You Need to Know
What is a painless mass? Hello, I would like to ask about my breasts being uneven in size (which I feel is quite noticeable). My nipples often appear inverted, but there is no discharge. I can feel lumps regardless of whether it’s before or after my menstrual cycle, and when I pr...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
It is completely normal for breast sizes to vary, especially in young girls. Inverted nipples, the presence of milk or discharge, and lumps in the breast are all noteworthy phenomena. A sensation of pressure when pressed, similar to squeezing the web of the hand, may likely indic...[Read More] Understanding Painless Breast Lumps: What You Need to Know
Understanding Vaginal Infections: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Fertility Concerns
Vaginitis Dear Dr. Lin, I have been struggling with a vaginal yeast infection that has not completely resolved since July. Despite taking medication during this time, I am still experiencing issues, which is quite distressing. Symptoms include a light yellow-green discharge un...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Vaginal yeast infections thrive in moist environments and are more common in women with weakened immune systems, such as those with diabetes, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, or individuals in intensive care units. Additionally, prior infections (such as colds or kidney i...[Read More] Understanding Vaginal Infections: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Fertility Concerns
Persistent Vaginal Itching: Understanding Untreatable Bacterial Infections
Bacterial infections cannot be cured? Hello Dr. Lin, Since I began having sexual intercourse, I have been experiencing vaginal itching, which worsened after giving birth. I have seen doctors multiple times and undergone repeated treatments for what is said to be a bacterial inf...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
A patient once told me that itching is the most uncomfortable and embarrassing symptom. Generally speaking, increased discharge and itching may be related to 1. the cervix (especially after childbirth), 2. the vagina, and 3. the vulva (such as the labia and pubic hair), and each ...[Read More] Persistent Vaginal Itching: Understanding Untreatable Bacterial Infections
Persistent Vulvar Itching: Effective Solutions Beyond Treatments
Vulvar itching? I have seen many doctors multiple times without any effective results. Neither topical treatments nor suppositories have worked. What should I do?
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Vulvar itching that has not improved despite seeing multiple doctors may not be a typical case of vaginitis. At 44 years old, if there is also urinary incontinence, it could indicate contact dermatitis related to the incontinence, which should be addressed first. If the cause is ...[Read More] Persistent Vulvar Itching: Effective Solutions Beyond Treatments
Managing Irregular Menstruation and Menopause Symptoms: A Guide
Irregular menstrual cycles and menopause? I lost about 15 to 18 kg over the course of a year, but since then, my menstrual cycle has been irregular, and I often need to visit a gynecologist for medication to induce menstruation. Once I started taking menstrual regulation medicati...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
From your letter, it seems that the irregular menstrual cycle you are referring to may be due to an extended menstrual cycle. Rapid weight loss can lead to insufficient secretion of pituitary hormones, resulting in missed periods. Conversely, weight gain and obesity can sometimes...[Read More] Managing Irregular Menstruation and Menopause Symptoms: A Guide
Understanding Ovarian Cysts and Their Impact on Pregnancy
Cysts and Pregnancy Dr. Lin: The abdominal pain led to the discovery of a 7 cm cyst, which has reduced to 4 cm in two weeks. Is surgery necessary? Before the cyst was found, I had been trying to conceive for three months without success. Does the cyst affect my ability to get pre...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
The so-called ovarian cyst (also known as a luteal cyst) is mostly a corpus luteum cyst, typically around 7 centimeters in size. Sometimes, it may undergo torsion, leading to severe abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting, which requires urgent intervention. Generally, we can observe...[Read More] Understanding Ovarian Cysts and Their Impact on Pregnancy
Post-Miscarriage Bleeding: Managing Residual Clots and Future Pregnancy Concerns
Bleeding after miscarriage surgery? I had a miscarriage on November 3rd, and it has been two weeks since the surgery, but I still have brown discharge. I went back to the hospital for an ultrasound and found that there are still some blood clots remaining in my uterus. During thi...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Generally, light bleeding within 3 to 5 days after a miscarriage procedure is considered normal. However, sometimes after the procedure, one may notice brown discharge or slight bleeding, which is due to the degeneration of the ovarian corpus luteum (which helps with implantation...[Read More] Post-Miscarriage Bleeding: Managing Residual Clots and Future Pregnancy Concerns
Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Impact on Fertility and Conception
Irregular menstrual cycle? My menstrual period comes every two months; previously, it was every three months. Does this have any implications, and does it mean I might have a harder time getting pregnant? Thank you!
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Theoretically, a menstrual cycle ranging from 21 to 45 days is necessary for ovulation to occur, which increases the chances of conception. For a 17-year-old female with menstrual periods occurring every two to three months, possible reasons include: 1. Excessive academic pressur...[Read More] Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Impact on Fertility and Conception
Understanding High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy: Causes and Management
Pregnancy-induced hypertension Why does blood pressure increase during pregnancy? How can it be avoided or controlled?
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
Gestational hypertension accounts for 7% of all pregnancies. The main causes include: 1. Abnormal development of placental blood vessels 2. Abnormal immune response in the mother 3. Abnormal hormone metabolism 4. Family history of hypertension 5. Previous gestational hypertension...[Read More] Understanding High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy: Causes and Management
When to Use a Pregnancy Test for Accurate Results?
When is a pregnancy test effective to use? My last menstrual period started on September 28. I had two instances of external ejaculation on October 8 and 10. My menstrual cycle is typically around 28 to 30 days. 1. When is it appropriate to use a home pregnancy test to check fo...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
1. Generally, the fertile window during pregnancy is approximately 5 days before ovulation and up to 24 hours after ovulation. If we consider a menstrual cycle of 28 to 30 days, the fertile period is roughly between the 10th and 17th days of the cycle. After fertilization, implan...[Read More] When to Use a Pregnancy Test for Accurate Results?
Understanding Postpartum Spine Pain: Causes and Treatment Options
Spinal pain Hello Doctor: After giving birth, I have recently noticed that my spine often hurts, specifically in the area about 5 centimeters below the bra line. It also hurts when I press on it with my hand, and the pain level is similar to that of a bruise. I am unsure what thi...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
In general, postpartum pain is often related to the method of delivery and anesthesia used. Vaginal delivery typically allows for quicker recovery and less pain; however, discomfort may occur due to tearing, particularly in the perineum and anus. In the case of cesarean delivery,...[Read More] Understanding Postpartum Spine Pain: Causes and Treatment Options
Understanding Hymen Integrity and Pain After First Sexual Experience
Could you please clarify your question regarding first sexual experiences? I would like to ask if my vagina was hit by my boyfriend's genitalia and it hurt a lot, but there was no penetration. However, it hurt for two to three hours afterward, and I had some bleeding before,...
Dr. Lin Zhaopei reply Obstetrics and Gynecology
The hymen is a ring-shaped connective tissue, and bleeding or rupture typically occurs only due to external force or vigorous activity. However, a rupture does not necessarily result in bleeding, and conversely, bleeding does not always indicate a rupture of the hymen. Neverthele...[Read More] Understanding Hymen Integrity and Pain After First Sexual Experience