Understanding Toxoplasmosis in Infants: Symptoms and Risks from Cats
Echinococcus granulosus Dear Doctor: What are the symptoms of congenital toxoplasmosis in infants? If there is no proper space separation between the cat and the baby, what effects could this have on the baby? Additionally, if cat hair accidentally gets into the baby's mouth...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: The main routes of human infection are through the consumption of undercooked meats (especially lamb and pork), eating raw vegetables, and contact with cat feces. Additionally, Toxoplasma gondii oocysts can survive in moist soil for several months, so contact with soil is ...[Read More] Understanding Toxoplasmosis in Infants: Symptoms and Risks from Cats
Why You Shouldn't Refreeze Thawed Breast Milk: Key Insights
The reason why thawed breast milk cannot be refrozen is due to the risk of bacterial growth. When breast milk is thawed, it reaches a temperature that allows bacteria to multiply. Refreezing it can lead to the survival of these bacteria, Hello, Dr. Pei! 1. I have breast milk st...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: 1. The 5% thawed liquid can be fed to the baby, while the remaining solid portion can be refrozen. However, the thawed liquid must be consumed within four hours; any leftover after four hours should be discarded! 2. The reason thawed breast milk cannot be refrozen is d...[Read More] Why You Shouldn't Refreeze Thawed Breast Milk: Key Insights
Understanding Propolis: Potential Effects on Children's Oral Health
Propolis My son developed a small bump on his upper gum after taking propolis since September 24. He also mentioned that eating hard foods causes pain. What could be the reason for this? If he continues to take it, what side effects might occur? Thank you!
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: Propolis should only be consumed after the age of one, as there is a risk of botulism infection otherwise. The small bump on the gums you described is most likely herpetic gingivostomatitis, which can cause pain when eating hot or hard foods. Herpetic gingivostomatitis is ...[Read More] Understanding Propolis: Potential Effects on Children's Oral Health
Is My Active Toddler Sleeping Enough and Pooping Regularly?
Question My son will turn one in half a month. He sleeps less than 13 hours a day, averaging only 12 hours or less. He is very active and doesn't stop moving unless something captures his attention, but even then, he only stays still for a minute or two. Is this a sign of hy...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: 1. a) First, let's understand what is meant by "hyperactive children." In academic terms, "hyperactive children" is formally referred to as "Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder" (ADHD). The main issues manifest in three areas: diff...[Read More] Is My Active Toddler Sleeping Enough and Pooping Regularly?
Should You Stop Night Feedings for Your 9-Month-Old? Pediatric Insights
Complementary foods? Should I stop night feeding? Hello Doctor, I have a few questions: 1. My son is currently 9 months and 20 days old, but he only weighs 7.8 kg. He has been hovering around 7 kg for a while, and I am really worried. He is currently eating Nestlé hydrolyzed ...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: 1. Your son is currently 9 months and 20 days old, weighing 7.8 kg, which corresponds to approximately the 3rd percentile on the growth chart for boys. His weight is indeed on the lighter side. The normal caloric requirement is 100 kcal/kg/day, so your baby should be con...[Read More] Should You Stop Night Feedings for Your 9-Month-Old? Pediatric Insights
Optimal Interval Between Hepatitis B Vaccine Doses in Infants
Interval between the two doses of Hepatitis B vaccine? Hello Dr. Pei, Is there a recommended interval between the first and second doses of the hepatitis B vaccine? I have seen that most sources suggest a one-month interval, but the hospital scheduled the second dose approximat...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: The standard administration time for the second dose of the hepatitis B vaccine is one month later. Delaying the administration does not affect the vaccine's efficacy, and there is no need to restart the vaccination series. The same situation applies to the new combin...[Read More] Optimal Interval Between Hepatitis B Vaccine Doses in Infants
Concerns After a Toddler Falls from a Shopping Cart: What to Watch For
A child fell from a stroller? Dear Dr. Pei, I would like to ask about a situation involving a three-year-old child who fell from a shopping cart onto the ground. The child landed on their forehead, and there is only slight redness and swelling on the forehead. Should we seek me...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: According to statistics, if the height difference from a fall is within 1 meter, it is unlikely to cause a concussion or intracranial hemorrhage. However, please remain vigilant for any severe vomiting, drowsiness, weakness in a limb (similar to stroke symptoms), or seizur...[Read More] Concerns After a Toddler Falls from a Shopping Cart: What to Watch For
Understanding the Timing of Hepatitis B and BCG Vaccinations for Infants
Hepatitis B vaccine vs. BCG vaccine Hello Doctor: My baby is now one month old. The first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine was administered on the third day after birth, and the BCG vaccine was given on the 19th day after birth. The hospital has scheduled the second dose of the he...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: It is true that the BCG vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine, while the hepatitis B vaccine is an inactivated vaccine. Therefore, there is no need to delay the administration of the two vaccines; they can be given at any interval. Your baby can receive the second dose of t...[Read More] Understanding the Timing of Hepatitis B and BCG Vaccinations for Infants
Understanding Enlarged Lymph Nodes in a Toddler: When to Seek Medical Advice
A 1 year and 10-month-old girl has swollen lymph nodes in the neck? Hello, Dr. Pei! My daughter has had palpable lymph nodes on both sides of her neck for some time, but they are all less than 1 cm in diameter. The pediatrician told me that lymph nodes smaller than 2 cm are usual...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: Common causes of neck masses in children include lymphadenopathy, lymphadenitis, and some congenital abnormalities. In infants, it is common to palpate one or several hard lumps on the lateral neck, behind the ear, or at the occipital region. Although they vary in size, mo...[Read More] Understanding Enlarged Lymph Nodes in a Toddler: When to Seek Medical Advice
Understanding Decreased Urine Output in a Five-Month-Old Baby
The urine output of a five-month-old baby has decreased? Doctor, is this related to the kidneys? 1. The baby is almost six months old. 2. There was a diagnosis of hydronephrosis at birth, but during the three-month check-up, the doctor said it had not increased in size and that w...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: According to statistics, 20% of newborns have varying degrees of hydronephrosis. If it is mild hydronephrosis, ultrasound examinations can be performed every three to six months. The normal urine output for children is 1-4 cc/kg/hr, and it is advisable to observe for a per...[Read More] Understanding Decreased Urine Output in a Five-Month-Old Baby
Understanding Hydronephrosis in Infants: Risks and Surgical Options
Infant hydronephrosis Hello Doctor: My baby was born about 37 days ago and was hospitalized due to a fever. After examination, the doctor found a urinary tract infection that has affected the kidneys. The doctor mentioned that both kidneys are at grade 4 hydronephrosis and that s...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: For infants with urinary tract infections, general practitioners typically perform ultrasound examinations and arrange for a voiding cystourethrogram after treatment. The doctor mentioned that both kidneys are classified as grade 4 hydronephrosis, which likely refers to th...[Read More] Understanding Hydronephrosis in Infants: Risks and Surgical Options
Understanding Infant Feeding Issues: When Your Baby Refuses Formula
The baby is not drinking milk? Hello, doctor; my baby is currently 2 and a half months old. He has been constipated since 12 days after birth. We have tried 5 or 6 different formulas without success. The doctor recommended Similac Advance, which worked well for the first two days...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello, Your baby is 2.5 months old and weighs 6 kg, which is in the 75th percentile for girls, so that seems fine. The standard feeding amount is 100-150 cc per kilogram of body weight per day, and currently, she is receiving 120 cc. She is drinking 4-5 times a day, which amoun...[Read More] Understanding Infant Feeding Issues: When Your Baby Refuses Formula
Understanding Dark Circles in Babies: Causes and Concerns
Dark circles under the eyes? The baby is almost eight months old. Recently, there has been a light red bruise appearing under the eyes. Can babies also have dark circles? Is it caused by lack of sleep, or could it be due to allergies? Growth status: approximately 8.6 kg and 72 cm...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello, I apologize for the delayed response as I have been traveling abroad recently. Allergic diseases in children manifest like a symphony, not only presenting different conditions at various ages but also showing changes in the same condition as they grow. Take atopic dermat...[Read More] Understanding Dark Circles in Babies: Causes and Concerns
Understanding Nocturnal Enuresis in Children: Causes and Solutions
The issue of nocturnal enuresis in children? My daughter will turn six this September. It might be because I was always sleepy during my pregnancy and felt like I could never get enough rest, so my daughter has been sleeping longer than her peers since birth. Now, she averages te...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello, regarding your daughter's situation, I recommend the following examinations: a urinalysis and culture to rule out diabetes insipidus, urinary tract infections, and other abnormalities; a renal ultrasound to exclude structural abnormalities; and if she is difficult to ...[Read More] Understanding Nocturnal Enuresis in Children: Causes and Solutions
Understanding Oily Gas in Children: Causes and When to Seek Help
Farting with an oily consistency? My son has been passing gas that has an oily discharge for the past couple of days. It gets on his underwear, but he hasn't had diarrhea or any other discomfort. His diet has been the same as ours, except for one meal where he had canned mea...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: Based on your description, the likelihood of canned meat sauce mixed with noodles causing oily stools is extremely low. Oily stools typically occur only when there is a pancreatic dysfunction that prevents fat digestion and absorption. The swelling on your lips may be rela...[Read More] Understanding Oily Gas in Children: Causes and When to Seek Help
Medication Safety for Breastfeeding Moms with Gastroenteritis
Regarding medication issues for breastfeeding mothers with gastroenteritis? Hello Doctor: I am a new mother, and when my baby was one week old, I developed gastroenteritis. I went to a nearby clinic to see a doctor. I am currently breastfeeding my baby with a combination of breas...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: 1. BENTYL: It inhibits gastrointestinal motility and is classified as a pregnancy safety category B medication. 2. IMODIUM: It also inhibits gastrointestinal motility, with a stronger effect than BENTYL, and is classified as a pregnancy safety category B medication. 3....[Read More] Medication Safety for Breastfeeding Moms with Gastroenteritis
Managing Bedwetting in Children: When to Seek Medical Help
Bedwetting in children at night? My 10-year-old daughter has been experiencing frequent bedwetting at night, which has become more severe compared to previous years. How should we handle this? Does she need to see a doctor? If so, what type of specialist should we consult?
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello: Bedwetting, generally speaking, is considered a concern if girls are over four years old and boys are over five years old and still experience this issue. Doctors may consider treatment for children with bedwetting problems. The incidence of enuresis tends to decrease with...[Read More] Managing Bedwetting in Children: When to Seek Medical Help
Understanding Hyperactivity in Toddlers: Signs and Concerns
What is ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)? Hello Dr. Pei: A two-year-old child often does not sleep around 11 PM, running around until about 1 AM before stopping! Could she be considered hyperactive?
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
According to the pediatric reference "Nelson," a typical two-year-old child requires about 13 hours of sleep per day. If a child sleeps a lot during the day, it is likely that they will sleep less or go to bed later at night; as long as they accumulate around 13 hours o...[Read More] Understanding Hyperactivity in Toddlers: Signs and Concerns
Understanding and Addressing Childhood Panic Disorders: A Parent's Guide
Panic disorder in children My child, born in June 1990, has been experiencing unexplained fears at home. She often expresses fear of her hands moving, her buttocks moving, her legs moving, etc. At bedtime, any slight noise, even the faintest sound, makes her too scared to sleep u...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
1. When we encounter our children's fearful reactions, we often respond with a reprimanding tone: "You need to be braver! What is there to be afraid of?" However, children's emotions are very real, and their willingness to express feelings and talk about them ...[Read More] Understanding and Addressing Childhood Panic Disorders: A Parent's Guide
Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy: Impact on Infant Intelligence and Growth
Hypothyroidism? Low intelligence? I would like to ask the doctor: I gave birth to my first son on January 31 last year, and when he was about 5 months old, I became pregnant again (while breastfeeding). At that time, I had a cold shortly after becoming pregnant, and soon after, m...
Dr. Pei Rensheng reply Pediatrics
Hello! From the detailed records, it is clear that you are very attentive to your baby's growth and development. Here is an overview of congenital hypothyroidism: 1. According to the Department of Health, the incidence is approximately 1 in 2,800. Most cases are due to under...[Read More] Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy: Impact on Infant Intelligence and Growth