Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and it is important to understand its potential causes and when to seek medical help. Based on your description, it seems that you are experiencing bleeding during bowel movements, with blood present on toilet paper and in the toilet bowl, but no blood mixed with the stool itself. This can indicate several possible conditions, some of which may require medical attention.


Possible Causes of Rectal Bleeding
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding is hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can cause bright red blood during bowel movements, especially if there is straining involved. Hemorrhoids can be internal or external, and while they can be uncomfortable, they are usually not serious.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can lead to bleeding and pain during bowel movements. The blood is typically bright red and may be seen on toilet paper or in the toilet.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis if these pouches become inflamed. This condition can cause bleeding, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits.

4. Colorectal Polyps or Cancer: Polyps are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum that can bleed. While many polyps are benign, some can develop into cancer over time. Colorectal cancer can also present with rectal bleeding, especially in older adults.

5. Gastrointestinal Conditions: Conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, can cause rectal bleeding along with other symptoms like abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits.


When to Seek Medical Help
Given your symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention, especially since you are experiencing significant bleeding. Here are some guidelines on when to see a doctor:
- Persistent Bleeding: If the bleeding continues or worsens, it is important to consult a healthcare provider.

- Accompanying Symptoms: If you experience additional symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, fever, dizziness, or fainting, seek immediate medical attention.

- Changes in Bowel Habits: If you notice changes in your bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, along with bleeding, it is advisable to get evaluated.

- Unexplained Weight Loss or Appetite Changes: If you are experiencing a loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss, these could be signs of a more serious condition.


Diagnostic Approach
When you visit a healthcare provider, they may perform a physical examination and ask about your medical history. They might recommend further tests, such as:
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE): This can help assess for hemorrhoids or fissures.

- Colonoscopy: This procedure allows the doctor to visualize the inside of your colon and rectum and can help identify polyps, tumors, or other abnormalities.

- Blood Tests: To check for anemia or other underlying conditions.


Conclusion
While rectal bleeding can be caused by benign conditions like hemorrhoids or anal fissures, it is essential to take it seriously, especially if it is persistent or accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Early evaluation and diagnosis can lead to appropriate treatment and management, ensuring your health and well-being. Please do not hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation.