Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and it's understandable that you are feeling anxious about the recent changes you've observed. The presence of bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl can be alarming, but it is important to understand the potential causes and when to seek medical attention.

The bright red blood you are seeing is typically indicative of bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract, which includes the rectum and anus. Common causes of rectal bleeding include:
1. Hemorrhoids: These are swollen veins in the rectal area that can cause pain, itching, and bleeding, especially during bowel movements. They are one of the most common causes of bright red blood in the stool.

2. Anal fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can lead to sharp pain during bowel movements and may also result in bleeding.

3. Diverticular disease: This condition involves the formation of small pouches in the colon that can become inflamed or infected, leading to bleeding.

4. Colorectal polyps or cancer: While less common, polyps can bleed, and colorectal cancer can present with rectal bleeding, especially in older adults or those with a family history of colorectal issues.

5. Gastrointestinal infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

Given your description of the blood being bright red and the presence of small brownish clots, it is essential to consider the possibility of hemorrhoids or anal fissures, especially if you have a history of constipation. However, the presence of blood that is difficult to flush away and the appearance of clots warrant further investigation.


When to Seek Medical Help
You should seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:
- Persistent bleeding: If the bleeding continues or worsens.

- Large amounts of blood: If you notice a significant amount of blood in your stool or toilet.

- Accompanying symptoms: If you experience severe pain, dizziness, fainting, or changes in bowel habits.

- Changes in stool: If you notice black, tarry stools, which can indicate bleeding from higher up in the gastrointestinal tract.


Recommended Actions
1. Consult a healthcare provider: It is crucial to see a doctor, preferably a gastroenterologist, who can perform a thorough evaluation. This may include a physical examination, a digital rectal exam, and possibly imaging studies or a colonoscopy to visualize the colon and rectum.

2. Keep a record: Document your symptoms, including the frequency and amount of bleeding, any associated pain, and changes in bowel habits. This information will be helpful for your healthcare provider.

3. Dietary adjustments: If you have a history of constipation, consider increasing your fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and ensure you are drinking plenty of water. This can help prevent straining during bowel movements, which may reduce the risk of hemorrhoids and fissures.

4. Avoid straining: When using the bathroom, try to relax and avoid straining, as this can exacerbate hemorrhoids and fissures.

In conclusion, while rectal bleeding can often be attributed to benign conditions such as hemorrhoids or anal fissures, it is essential to take it seriously and seek medical evaluation to rule out more serious conditions. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and ensure your health and well-being.