Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be alarming and is often a sign of an underlying condition that requires medical attention. The presence of blood in your stool, especially if it is accompanied by clots and pain, should not be ignored. There are several potential causes for rectal bleeding, and understanding these can help you determine when to seek medical help.


Common Causes of Rectal Bleeding
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding, hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can cause bright red blood during bowel movements, and you may also experience itching or discomfort.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can lead to sharp pain during bowel movements and may also result in bleeding.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, which can become inflamed or infected (diverticulitis), leading to bleeding.

4. Colorectal Polyps: These are growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum that can bleed. While many polyps are benign, some can develop into cancer over time.

5. Colorectal Cancer: This is a more serious cause of rectal bleeding. If you are experiencing significant bleeding, especially if you have other symptoms like weight loss, changes in bowel habits, or abdominal pain, it is crucial to seek medical evaluation.

6. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to bloody stools.

7. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause severe inflammation in the intestines, leading to bleeding.


When to Seek Medical Help
You should seek immediate medical attention if you experience any of the following:
- Large Amounts of Blood: If you notice a significant amount of blood in your stool or in the toilet bowl, this warrants urgent evaluation.

- Accompanied Symptoms: If you have additional symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, dizziness, fainting, or a rapid heartbeat, you should go to the emergency room.

- Persistent Bleeding: If the bleeding continues over several days or worsens, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider.

- Changes in Bowel Habits: Any sudden changes in your bowel habits, especially if accompanied by blood, should be evaluated.


Diagnostic Steps
When you visit a healthcare provider for rectal bleeding, they may perform several diagnostic tests, including:
- Physical Examination: A thorough examination, including a digital rectal exam, can help identify hemorrhoids or fissures.

- Colonoscopy: This procedure allows the doctor to view the inside of your colon and rectum, helping to identify polyps, tumors, or sources of bleeding.

- Blood Tests: These can help assess your overall health and check for anemia due to blood loss.


Conclusion
In summary, rectal bleeding can arise from various causes, ranging from benign conditions like hemorrhoids to more serious issues such as colorectal cancer. Given your symptoms of significant bleeding and pain, it is crucial to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and help address any underlying health issues. Remember, it is always better to err on the side of caution when it comes to your health.