Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and it is important to understand its potential causes and when to seek medical help. The presence of blood in the stool or on toilet paper can arise from various conditions, some of which may be benign, while others could indicate a more serious issue.

One common cause of rectal bleeding is hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the rectal area that can become inflamed or irritated. Hemorrhoids can cause pain, itching, and bleeding, especially during bowel movements. The blood from hemorrhoids is usually bright red and may be seen on the toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. If the bleeding is intermittent and accompanied by pain, it could suggest the presence of hemorrhoids.

Another possible cause is anal fissures, which are small tears in the lining of the anus. These can occur due to passing hard stools or straining during bowel movements. Anal fissures can cause sharp pain during and after bowel movements, and they may also lead to bleeding. The blood associated with fissures is typically bright red and may be seen on the toilet paper or on the stool itself.

In some cases, rectal bleeding can be a sign of more serious conditions, such as diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or colorectal cancer. Diverticulosis involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, which can become inflamed or infected, leading to bleeding. IBD, which includes conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, can cause inflammation and ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in bleeding. Colorectal cancer can also present with rectal bleeding, especially in older adults or those with a family history of the disease.

Given your symptoms of intermittent pain and the presence of blood on the toilet paper, it is advisable to seek medical attention, especially if the bleeding persists, worsens, or is accompanied by other symptoms such as significant pain, changes in bowel habits, or unexplained weight loss. A healthcare provider will likely perform a thorough evaluation, which may include a physical examination, a digital rectal exam, and possibly further diagnostic tests such as a colonoscopy to visualize the colon and rectum.

In summary, while rectal bleeding can often be attributed to benign conditions like hemorrhoids or anal fissures, it is essential to monitor the symptoms closely and consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Early intervention can help address any underlying issues and prevent potential complications.