Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and understanding its causes and when to seek medical help is crucial for your health. The presence of blood during bowel movements, regardless of whether it's from a large or small stool, can stem from various conditions, some of which may require medical intervention.


Common Causes of Rectal Bleeding
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding is hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the rectum or anus. They can cause bright red blood on the toilet paper or in the stool, especially during bowel movements. Hemorrhoids can be internal or external and may not always be painful.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can lead to bleeding and sharp pain during bowel movements.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, can sometimes lead to diverticulitis, where these pouches become inflamed or infected, causing bleeding.

4. Colorectal Polyps: Polyps are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum that can bleed. While many polyps are benign, some can develop into colorectal cancer over time.

5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation in the digestive tract, leading to rectal bleeding.

6. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the intestines, resulting in blood in the stool.

7. Cancer: In some cases, rectal bleeding can be a sign of colorectal cancer, especially if accompanied by other symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, weight loss, or abdominal pain.


When to Seek Medical Help
While occasional minor bleeding, such as that from hemorrhoids, may not require immediate medical attention, you should consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- Persistent Bleeding: If the bleeding continues over several days or recurs frequently.

- Significant Blood Loss: If you notice a large amount of blood, especially if it is dark or mixed with stool.

- Accompanying Symptoms: If you experience other symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation), weight loss, or fatigue.

- Age Considerations: If you are over 50 or have a family history of colorectal cancer, it is advisable to get screened.


Recommended Actions
1. Keep a Record: Document the frequency, amount, and appearance of the blood, as well as any other symptoms you may experience. This information can be helpful for your healthcare provider.

2. Dietary Adjustments: Ensure you are consuming a high-fiber diet to prevent constipation and reduce straining during bowel movements, which can exacerbate hemorrhoids and fissures.

3. Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to help soften stools.

4. Consult a Doctor: Schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider, preferably a gastroenterologist, for a thorough evaluation. They may recommend tests such as a colonoscopy to determine the cause of the bleeding.

5. Avoid Self-Diagnosis: While it's tempting to search for answers online, it's essential to rely on professional medical advice for diagnosis and treatment.

In summary, while rectal bleeding can be caused by relatively benign conditions like hemorrhoids, it can also indicate more serious health issues. Monitoring your symptoms and seeking medical advice when necessary is vital for your health and well-being.