Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be alarming, and it’s important to understand the potential causes and when to seek medical help. The symptoms you describe—bright red blood on toilet paper, dripping blood while sitting on the toilet, and the presence of blood clots—are concerning and warrant further evaluation.


Possible Causes of Rectal Bleeding
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding, hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can cause bright red blood during bowel movements, especially if there is straining involved. Hemorrhoids can also lead to discomfort and pain.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. They can cause sharp pain and bleeding during bowel movements.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis when these pouches become inflamed or infected. This condition can cause bleeding and abdominal pain.

4. Polyps: Colorectal polyps are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum. While many polyps are benign, some can develop into cancer over time. Bleeding from polyps can occur, especially if they are large.

5. Colorectal Cancer: While not the most common cause of rectal bleeding, it is a serious concern, especially in individuals over the age of 50 or those with a family history of colorectal cancer. Symptoms may include changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, and persistent abdominal discomfort.

6. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation in the digestive tract, leading to symptoms such as rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.


When to Seek Help
Given the severity of your symptoms—especially the presence of blood clots and the significant amount of blood—it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly. You should consider visiting a healthcare provider or a gastroenterologist for a thorough evaluation. Here are some specific situations where you should seek immediate medical care:
- If you experience significant blood loss (more than a few tablespoons).

- If you have accompanying symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, dizziness, or fainting.

- If you notice a change in your bowel habits, such as persistent diarrhea or constipation.

- If you have a family history of colorectal cancer or other gastrointestinal diseases.


Diagnostic Approach
Your healthcare provider will likely perform a physical examination and may recommend further tests, such as:
- Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): This allows the doctor to check for hemorrhoids or other abnormalities.

- Colonoscopy: A procedure that allows direct visualization of the colon and rectum, which can help identify polyps, tumors, or sources of bleeding.

- Blood Tests: To check for anemia or other underlying conditions.


Conclusion
While rectal bleeding can be caused by various conditions, some of which are benign, it is essential to take your symptoms seriously. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, especially if there is a risk of more serious conditions like colorectal cancer. Please consult a healthcare professional as soon as possible to discuss your symptoms and receive appropriate care.