Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and it is important to understand its potential causes and when to seek medical attention. Based on your description, it seems that you are experiencing significant bleeding during bowel movements, which is accompanied by pain and the presence of blood clots. This situation warrants a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional.


Possible Causes of Rectal Bleeding
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding is hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the rectum or anus. They can cause bright red blood during bowel movements, especially if there is straining involved. Hemorrhoids can also lead to pain and discomfort.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools. Anal fissures can result in sharp pain during bowel movements and may also cause bleeding.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, a condition where small pouches form in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis if these pouches become inflamed or infected. This can cause rectal bleeding and abdominal pain.

4. Colorectal Polyps or Cancer: Polyps are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum, some of which can become cancerous over time. Bleeding from polyps or colorectal cancer can present as bright red blood or darker blood mixed with stool.

5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms like rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

6. Infections: Certain infections of the gastrointestinal tract can lead to inflammation and bleeding. This can be due to bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections.


When to Seek Help
Given the severity of your symptoms—particularly the significant amount of blood and the presence of blood clots—it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. You should consider visiting a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:
- Heavy Bleeding: If you notice a large volume of blood or if the bleeding does not stop after a few minutes.

- Pain: Severe pain during bowel movements or persistent abdominal pain.

- Changes in Bowel Habits: Any significant changes in your bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, especially if accompanied by blood.

- Other Symptoms: Symptoms such as fever, weight loss, or fatigue should also prompt a visit to the doctor.


Diagnostic Evaluation
When you see a healthcare provider, they will likely perform a physical examination and may recommend further tests, such as:
- Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): To check for hemorrhoids or other abnormalities.

- Colonoscopy: A procedure that allows the doctor to view the inside of your colon and rectum, which can help identify the source of bleeding.

- Blood Tests: To check for anemia or other underlying conditions.


Conclusion
In summary, rectal bleeding can have various causes, ranging from benign conditions like hemorrhoids to more serious issues such as colorectal cancer. Given your symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention as soon as possible for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Early intervention can help address the underlying cause and prevent potential complications. Remember, it is always better to err on the side of caution when it comes to your health.