When Does Cartilage Thickness Stop Increasing? Orthopedic Development - Orthopedics

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The thickness of cartilage in the human body is a topic of significant interest in orthopedics and developmental biology. To address your question, cartilage thickness does indeed undergo changes throughout different stages of life, but it does not have a straightforward answer regarding when it stops increasing or changing.

Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue that provides cushioning and support in joints. It is composed of a dense matrix of collagen fibers and proteoglycans, which give it its unique properties. In humans, cartilage development begins in utero and continues through childhood and adolescence. During these stages, cartilage can grow in thickness and density as the skeleton matures.
Typically, the growth of cartilage is most pronounced during childhood and adolescence, coinciding with periods of rapid skeletal growth. This growth is influenced by various factors, including mechanical load, hormonal changes, and nutritional status. For instance, during puberty, the growth plates (epiphyseal plates) in long bones close, marking the end of longitudinal bone growth. However, this does not mean that cartilage thickness stops changing entirely.
After skeletal maturity, which usually occurs in the late teens to early twenties, the cartilage does not grow in thickness in the same way it does during development. Instead, it undergoes a process of homeostasis, where it maintains its thickness through a balance of synthesis and degradation. The cartilage can still adapt to mechanical loads and may thicken in response to increased physical activity or weight-bearing exercises, but this is generally limited.

As you mentioned, after certain life stages, particularly around menopause for women, the repair mechanisms of cartilage can decline. This decline can lead to a gradual thinning of cartilage, especially in weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips. Factors such as aging, obesity, and joint injuries can exacerbate this thinning process, leading to conditions like osteoarthritis, where the cartilage becomes worn down and the underlying bone may become exposed.

In summary, while cartilage thickness does not significantly increase after skeletal maturity, it can still undergo changes in response to mechanical stress and other factors. However, the natural aging process and hormonal changes can lead to a decrease in cartilage thickness over time. Therefore, your understanding that cartilage maintains its thickness until menopause, when repair mechanisms decline, is largely correct. It is essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, to support joint health and potentially mitigate the effects of cartilage thinning as one ages.
If you have further questions or concerns about cartilage health or joint issues, it is advisable to consult with an orthopedic specialist who can provide personalized insights based on your specific situation.