Lateral Knee Pain: Causes and Treatment Options - Orthopedics

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Lateral knee pain can be a common issue, especially for individuals who engage in sports like basketball or activities that involve repetitive knee movements, such as hiking. The symptoms you describe—pain on the outer side of the knee when bending, slight swelling, and discomfort when going up and down stairs—suggest that there may be an underlying issue related to the structures around the knee joint.


Possible Causes of Lateral Knee Pain
1. Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS): This is a common condition among runners and athletes. The iliotibial band is a thick band of tissue that runs along the outside of the thigh from the hip to the knee. Overuse or tightness can cause friction as the band moves over the knee, leading to pain.

2. Lateral Meniscus Tear: The meniscus is a C-shaped cartilage that acts as a cushion between your thigh bone and shin bone. A tear can occur due to sudden twisting movements or overuse, causing pain, swelling, and difficulty with certain movements.

3. Patellar Tendonitis: Also known as jumper's knee, this condition occurs when the patellar tendon becomes inflamed, often due to repetitive jumping or running activities. Pain is typically felt just below the kneecap but can radiate to the sides.

4. Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursae (small fluid-filled sacs that cushion the knee joint) can cause localized pain and swelling. Lateral bursitis can occur from repetitive motion or direct trauma.

5. Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Injury: The LCL stabilizes the outer part of the knee. An injury can occur from a direct blow to the inside of the knee or from excessive stress during activities.


Treatment Options
1. Rest and Activity Modification: Avoid activities that exacerbate the pain, such as running or jumping. Allowing the knee to rest can help reduce inflammation.

2. Ice Therapy: Applying ice to the affected area for 15-20 minutes several times a day can help reduce swelling and numb the pain.

3. Compression and Elevation: Using a compression bandage can help minimize swelling. Elevating the knee can also assist in reducing inflammation.

4. Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can provide exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee, improve flexibility, and enhance overall function. They may also use modalities such as ultrasound or electrical stimulation to alleviate pain.

5. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or naproxen can help reduce pain and inflammation.

6. Corticosteroid Injections: If conservative treatments do not provide relief, a healthcare provider may recommend corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation in the knee.

7. Surgery: In cases of severe injury, such as a significant meniscus tear or persistent bursitis that does not respond to other treatments, surgical intervention may be necessary.


When to Seek Medical Attention
If your symptoms persist despite conservative treatment, or if you experience significant swelling, instability in the knee, or inability to bear weight, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional. They may recommend imaging studies such as an MRI to assess the internal structures of the knee and provide a more accurate diagnosis.

In conclusion, lateral knee pain can arise from various causes, and understanding the underlying issue is crucial for effective treatment. Implementing rest, ice, and physical therapy can often lead to significant improvement, but persistent or severe symptoms warrant further evaluation by a medical professional.