Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and understanding its potential causes is crucial for determining the appropriate course of action. When someone experiences rectal bleeding, it is important to consider various factors, including the amount of blood, the presence of pain, and any accompanying symptoms.

Common Causes of Rectal Bleeding:
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding is hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the rectal area. They can cause bright red blood during bowel movements, often accompanied by itching or discomfort.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, typically caused by passing hard stools. They can lead to sharp pain during and after bowel movements, along with bleeding.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis when these pouches become inflamed or infected. This condition can cause rectal bleeding, often accompanied by abdominal pain.

4. Colorectal Polyps: These are growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. While many polyps are benign, some can develop into cancer over time. They may cause bleeding, often without other symptoms.

5. Colorectal Cancer: This is a more serious cause of rectal bleeding, especially in individuals over the age of 50 or those with a family history of colorectal cancer. Symptoms may include changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, and abdominal discomfort.

6. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

7. Infections: Certain infections, including sexually transmitted infections or gastrointestinal infections, can also cause rectal bleeding.

When to Seek Medical Help:
It is essential to seek medical attention if you experience rectal bleeding, especially if:
- The bleeding is heavy or persistent.

- You notice blood mixed with stool or dark, tarry stools.

- You experience severe abdominal pain or cramping.

- There are accompanying symptoms such as fever, chills, or unexplained weight loss.

- You have a history of gastrointestinal issues or family history of colorectal cancer.

Diagnostic Approach:
When you visit a healthcare provider for rectal bleeding, they will likely perform a thorough history and physical examination. They may recommend further diagnostic tests, such as:
- Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): This allows the doctor to assess for hemorrhoids or other abnormalities.

- Colonoscopy: This procedure enables direct visualization of the colon and rectum, allowing for the identification and potential removal of polyps or biopsies of suspicious areas.

- Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy but examines only the lower part of the colon.

- Imaging Studies: Such as CT scans or MRI, may be necessary to evaluate for diverticulitis or other abdominal issues.

Conclusion:
In summary, rectal bleeding can arise from a variety of causes, ranging from benign conditions like hemorrhoids to more serious issues such as colorectal cancer. Given that you have experienced bleeding for the past two to three days, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing any underlying conditions effectively. Remember, it is always better to err on the side of caution when it comes to symptoms like rectal bleeding.