Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

More Info

---

Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and it is essential to understand its potential causes and when to seek medical help. The presence of blood in the stool or from the rectum can arise from various conditions, some of which may require immediate attention.


Common Causes of Rectal Bleeding
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding, hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can cause bright red blood during bowel movements, especially if there is straining involved.

2. Anal Fissures: Small tears in the lining of the anus can occur due to passing hard stools. This can lead to sharp pain and bleeding, often seen as bright red blood on the toilet paper or in the stool.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, the presence of small pouches in the colon, can lead to diverticulitis, where these pouches become inflamed or infected. This condition can cause bleeding, typically accompanied by abdominal pain.

4. Colorectal Polyps or Cancer: Polyps are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum that can bleed. While not all polyps are cancerous, some can develop into colorectal cancer, which may present with rectal bleeding.

5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation of the digestive tract, leading to symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding.

6. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to bloody stools.

7. Other Causes: Less commonly, rectal bleeding can be caused by conditions such as vascular malformations, trauma, or systemic diseases that affect blood clotting.


When to Seek Medical Help
It is crucial to seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:
- Heavy Bleeding: If you notice a significant amount of blood, especially if it is accompanied by dizziness or fainting.

- Blood Clots: The presence of blood clots can indicate a more severe issue.

- Persistent Symptoms: If the bleeding continues over several days or is recurrent.

- Accompanying Symptoms: If you experience severe abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, weight loss, or fever.

- Age Considerations: Individuals over the age of 50 or those with a family history of colorectal cancer should be particularly vigilant.


Diagnostic Approach
When you visit a healthcare provider, they may perform a physical examination, including a digital rectal exam. Depending on the findings, further investigations may include:
- Colonoscopy: A procedure that allows direct visualization of the colon and rectum, which can help identify the source of bleeding.

- Imaging Studies: CT scans or ultrasounds may be used to assess for diverticulitis or other abdominal issues.

- Blood Tests: To check for anemia or signs of infection.


Conclusion
Rectal bleeding should not be ignored, especially if it is recurrent or accompanied by other concerning symptoms. While many causes of rectal bleeding are benign, some can indicate serious health issues. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and appropriate management. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and prevent complications. If you experience rectal bleeding, especially with the symptoms you described, it is advisable to seek medical attention promptly.