Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and understanding its potential causes is essential for determining when to seek medical help. The presence of fresh blood on toilet paper after a bowel movement, as you described, can be indicative of several conditions, some of which may require medical intervention.

One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding is hemorrhoids. These are swollen blood vessels in the rectal area that can become inflamed or irritated, leading to bleeding, especially during bowel movements. The blood is typically bright red, which is consistent with what you have observed. Hemorrhoids can be external or internal, and the presence of a protruding mass around the anus could suggest external hemorrhoids.

Another potential cause of rectal bleeding is anal fissures. These are small tears in the lining of the anus that can occur due to passing hard stools or straining during bowel movements. Like hemorrhoids, anal fissures can cause sharp pain and bleeding, often seen on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl.

In some cases, rectal bleeding may be a sign of more serious conditions, such as diverticular disease, colorectal polyps, or even colorectal cancer. Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis, causing inflammation and bleeding. Polyps are growths on the colon lining that can sometimes bleed, and while many are benign, some can develop into cancer over time. Colorectal cancer itself can present with rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, and abdominal discomfort.

Given your symptoms, it is crucial to monitor the situation closely. If the bleeding persists, increases in volume, or is accompanied by other symptoms such as abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or weight loss, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. A healthcare provider may perform a physical examination, including a digital rectal exam, and may recommend further diagnostic tests such as a colonoscopy to visualize the colon and rectum directly.

In the meantime, there are several self-care strategies you can implement to alleviate discomfort and potentially reduce bleeding. Increasing fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help soften stools and reduce straining during bowel movements. Staying well-hydrated is also important. Over-the-counter treatments, such as topical creams for hemorrhoids or sitz baths, can provide relief from discomfort associated with hemorrhoids or anal fissures.

In summary, while rectal bleeding can often be attributed to benign conditions like hemorrhoids or anal fissures, it is essential to take it seriously, especially if it persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Seeking medical advice is the best course of action to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.