HPV: Testing Options After Partner's Diagnosis

My boyfriend has genital warts?

Hello, we are a same-sex couple.
My boyfriend previously experienced gastrointestinal discomfort, which led to an examination where warts were found in the anal area, and surgery was arranged.
We have had unprotected sexual intercourse, but both of us have tested negative for HIV and syphilis.
I would like to ask about the long incubation period of HPV.
What tests can I undergo now? Since there are no visible lesions on the external genitalia, can I first schedule an appointment with an infectious disease specialist for examination? Thank you.

Z, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/03/24

Dr. Liao Zhongxin reply Internal Medicine

1.
The more accurate name for the cervical cancer vaccine is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.
It not only prevents cervical cancer but also has been scientifically proven to prevent cancers related to the genital area, including effective protection against genital warts.
The HPV vaccine is effective in preventing genital warts, which are primarily caused by human papillomavirus.
The term "papilloma" is used because this virus often causes benign epithelial cell proliferation, resulting in benign tumors that resemble stalactites.
Therefore, in terms of prevention, doctors recommend that partners receive the HPV vaccination.
Dr.
Wang Jian-chun states that in clinical practice, treatment for genital warts commonly involves medications, cryotherapy, or surgical intervention.
Although the lesions may be removed, the human papillomavirus types HPV 6 and HPV 11 that caused them are not completely eradicated, making recurrence of genital warts quite common.
Medical research abroad has confirmed that the HPV vaccine can reduce the recurrence of genital warts, leading doctors to recommend vaccination after evaluation.
Receiving the HPV vaccine reduces the risk of penile cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and anal cancer.
Additionally, there are many types of human papillomavirus, with 15-20 types more likely to cause invasive cervical cancer and other cancers related to the reproductive organs.
Clinical studies have continuously confirmed that human papillomavirus is associated not only with genital warts but also with cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer in women, penile cancer in men, and even oropharyngeal cancer and anal cancer.
Therefore, Dr.
Wang Jian-chun emphasizes that the promotion of the human papillomavirus vaccine by healthcare providers is not only to prevent genital warts and cervical cancer but also to prevent cancers around the genital area, anal cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer associated with human papillomavirus infection.
In over 30 countries, both men and women are receiving the vaccine, with Australia aiming to eradicate cervical cancer.
The National Health Administration has implemented a national subsidized HPV vaccination policy since the end of 2018, marking a new phase in HPV prevention and control.
However, current prevention and control plans are insufficient to completely eliminate HPV-related cancers and diseases.
Dr.
Wang mentioned that in 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States recommended HPV vaccination for females and males aged 9-14.
As of now, among advanced countries, 31 nations have adopted policies mandating HPV vaccination for both genders.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for the goal of eliminating cervical cancer by 2030, while Australia has taken the lead globally by initially providing subsidized HPV vaccinations for women starting in 2007 and then for both genders from 2013, aiming to "eradicate cervical cancer by 2028," ahead of the WHO's target.
Individuals can discuss and evaluate the possibility of vaccination with their healthcare providers.
2.
Not only infectious disease specialists but also urologists and family medicine practitioners can provide consultation and testing for sexually transmitted infections.

Reply Date: 2022/03/24

More Info

Understanding HPV and its implications for both partners in a same-sex relationship is crucial, especially after one partner has been diagnosed with genital warts (often caused by HPV). Here’s a comprehensive overview of what you can do regarding testing and management.

HPV Overview
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 200 related viruses, of which about 40 can be transmitted through direct sexual contact. Some strains are considered high-risk because they can lead to cancers, including cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers, while others cause benign conditions like genital warts. The incubation period for HPV can vary significantly; it may take months or even years for symptoms to appear after exposure.

Testing Options
1. HPV Testing: Since your partner has been diagnosed with genital warts, it is advisable for you to undergo HPV testing. This can be done through a Pap smear (for cervical health) or HPV DNA testing, which can identify the presence of high-risk HPV strains. Although you mentioned that external genitalia appear normal, HPV can still be present without visible symptoms.

2. Anal Pap Smear: Given that your partner has anal warts, it would be prudent to consider an anal Pap smear. This test can help detect abnormal cells in the anal canal that may be caused by HPV. It is particularly recommended for individuals who engage in anal intercourse, as they may be at higher risk for anal cancer.

3. Consultation with a Specialist: It would be beneficial to see a healthcare provider specializing in infectious diseases or a gastroenterologist who can provide insights into HPV and its implications for your health. They can guide you on the appropriate tests and follow-up care.

4. Regular Screening: If you are a man who has sex with men (MSM), regular screenings for HPV-related conditions are recommended, especially if you have multiple partners or engage in unprotected anal intercourse. The frequency of these screenings can be discussed with your healthcare provider.

Managing Risks
- Vaccination: If you have not been vaccinated against HPV, consider discussing the HPV vaccine with your healthcare provider. The vaccine is effective in preventing the most common high-risk HPV strains and can significantly reduce the risk of developing HPV-related cancers.

- Safe Practices: Continue practicing safe sex by using condoms and dental dams, which can reduce the risk of HPV transmission, although they do not provide complete protection.

- Monitoring Symptoms: Be vigilant about any changes in your body, such as new growths or changes in existing lesions. If you notice anything unusual, seek medical advice promptly.

Emotional and Psychological Support
Receiving a diagnosis related to HPV can be stressful for both partners. It’s important to communicate openly with your partner about your concerns and feelings. Consider seeking support from counseling services or support groups for individuals affected by HPV.

Conclusion
In summary, after your partner's diagnosis of genital warts, it is essential for you to get tested for HPV, possibly through an anal Pap smear, and to consult with a healthcare provider specializing in infectious diseases. Regular screenings and vaccinations can help manage your health and reduce the risk of HPV-related complications. Always prioritize safe sexual practices and maintain open communication with your partner about health concerns.

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