Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and understanding its potential causes is crucial for determining the appropriate course of action. The fact that you are experiencing significant blood loss during bowel movements, comparable to menstrual bleeding, and that you noticed blood even when passing gas, warrants a thorough evaluation.


Possible Causes of Rectal Bleeding
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding is hemorrhoids, which are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can cause bright red blood during bowel movements, especially if there is straining involved.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often resulting from passing hard stools. They can cause sharp pain during bowel movements and may also lead to bleeding.

3. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon wall, can lead to diverticulitis if these pouches become inflamed. This condition can cause rectal bleeding.

4. Colorectal Polyps or Cancer: Polyps are growths on the lining of the colon or rectum that can bleed. While many polyps are benign, some can develop into colorectal cancer, which is a serious condition that requires immediate attention.

5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause inflammation in the digestive tract, leading to symptoms such as rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

6. Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause inflammation and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to rectal bleeding.

7. Vascular Malformations: Rarely, abnormal blood vessels in the rectal area can lead to bleeding.


When to Seek Medical Help
Given the volume of blood you are experiencing, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly. You should consider visiting a healthcare provider if:
- You notice significant blood loss, especially if it is bright red and occurs frequently.

- You experience any changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation.

- You have associated symptoms like dizziness, weakness, or abdominal pain.

- You have a family history of gastrointestinal diseases, including colorectal cancer.


Diagnostic Evaluation
Upon visiting a healthcare provider, they may recommend several diagnostic tests to determine the cause of your rectal bleeding, including:
- Physical Examination: A thorough examination, including a digital rectal exam, can help identify hemorrhoids or fissures.

- Colonoscopy: This procedure allows the doctor to view the inside of your colon and rectum, helping to identify polyps, tumors, or sources of bleeding.

- Blood Tests: These can help assess your overall health and check for anemia due to blood loss.

- Imaging Studies: In some cases, imaging studies like CT scans may be necessary to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract.


Conclusion
In summary, rectal bleeding can arise from various causes, ranging from benign conditions like hemorrhoids to more serious issues such as colorectal cancer. Given the significant amount of blood you are experiencing, it is crucial to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes and address any underlying conditions effectively. Remember, it is always better to err on the side of caution when it comes to symptoms like these.