Seeking Medical Guidance for Involuntary Movement Disorders - Neurology

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Please advise on the medical approach for involuntary movements?


Hello Doctor, my mother is 69 years old and has been experiencing involuntary movements in her left leg since around July of last year.
Initially, she would only have a few shakes during specific times in the evening, but it has now progressed to continuous shaking in her left leg at all times except when she is sleeping, with a frequency similar to her pulse.
Her right leg is also mildly affected.
When standing, her thigh shakes, causing her entire body to sway (the impact is less noticeable while walking).
When sitting or lying down, the involuntary movements are more pronounced in her ankle and foot.

Between July and September of last year, she underwent several tests, including spinal X-rays to check for compression, thyroid function tests, carotid artery obstruction tests, and a brain MRI, all of which returned normal results.
In September, she had a dopamine imaging test at National Taiwan University Hospital, which indicated Parkinson's disease.
However, after several months of trying various medications, none have been effective; even at the lowest doses, they only exacerbate her dyskinetic symptoms (such as involuntary nodding, twisting of the waist, and the shaking in her left leg has intensified to jumping).
Additionally, the frequency and pattern of her left leg shaking do not resemble typical Parkinson's disease, leading her physician to re-diagnose her with abnormal involuntary movements.
At the beginning of this year, her doctor prescribed medication aimed at neuroprotection, and she has been taking entacapone for four months.
Although it does not cause the various instability symptoms associated with Parkinson's medications, her original symptoms have not improved, particularly the swaying while standing, which has severely impacted her daily life.

Furthermore, over the past year, she has also experienced tinnitus in her right ear (with a frequency matching her pulse; examinations indicated only ear canal inflammation or auditory nerve degeneration), a sensation of something stuck in her throat (diagnosed as laryngopharyngeal reflux), weight loss, and noticeable reduction in muscle mass and fat (from about 52 kg in July last year to approximately 46 kg recently).
These issues have been intermittently addressed in consultations but have not shown real improvement, and I wonder if they are related to the involuntary movement symptoms.
I would like to ask for your advice on whether she should adjust her current treatment direction or seek another physician.
Are there any recommendations you could provide, such as other possible causes, additional tests that should be conducted, or specific areas of expertise for physicians? Thank you for your response!

Candy, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/06/18

Dr. Jiang Junyi reply Neurology


Hello: You mentioned "significant weight loss and muscle fat reduction (about 52 kg last July, now approximately 46 kg), which have been ongoing issues that have not truly improved despite intermittent consultations." The decrease in mobility has led to a vicious cycle of muscle loss.
It is recommended to seek the assistance of a geriatrician for integrated medical care involving a team approach with nutrition and rehabilitation interventions.
Additionally, it is advisable to check vitamin D levels and assess for sarcopenia.
Thank you for your inquiry, and feel free to discuss any related questions! Wishing you good health, peace, and happiness.
Dr.
Jiang Junyi from Taoyuan cares about you.

Reply Date: 2022/06/18

More Info


Dear Patient,
Thank you for reaching out with your concerns regarding your mother's involuntary movement disorder. It’s understandable that you are seeking clarity and guidance, especially given the complexity of her symptoms and the challenges you’ve faced in obtaining effective treatment.

From your description, it appears that your mother has been experiencing significant involuntary movements in her left leg, which have progressed over time. The fact that these movements occur outside of sleep and have affected her daily life is concerning. The initial diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, followed by a re-evaluation to "abnormal involuntary movements," suggests that her condition may not fit neatly into a single diagnostic category. This is not uncommon, as movement disorders can be quite complex and may overlap in symptoms.

Given that her symptoms have not improved with various medications, it may be beneficial to consider a few avenues:
1. Second Opinion: If you feel that her current treatment plan is not yielding results, seeking a second opinion from a neurologist who specializes in movement disorders could be advantageous. Look for a neurologist affiliated with a reputable movement disorder clinic, as they often have access to the latest research and treatment options.

2. Comprehensive Evaluation: It might be worthwhile to undergo a comprehensive evaluation that includes a detailed review of her medical history, a thorough neurological examination, and possibly additional imaging studies or tests. This could help rule out other conditions that might be contributing to her symptoms, such as peripheral neuropathy, essential tremor, or even metabolic disorders.

3. Medication Review: Since your mother has been on various medications, a review of her current medications and their side effects is crucial. Some medications can exacerbate involuntary movements or cause new symptoms. A neurologist can help determine if her current regimen is appropriate or if adjustments are needed.

4. Physical Therapy: Engaging in physical therapy may help improve her mobility and reduce the impact of involuntary movements on her daily activities. A physical therapist with experience in movement disorders can tailor a program to her specific needs.

5. Supportive Care: Given her weight loss and muscle atrophy, nutritional support may also be necessary. A consultation with a dietitian could help ensure she is receiving adequate nutrition to support her overall health and well-being.

6. Multidisciplinary Approach: Consider involving other specialists, such as a geriatrician, who can address the broader aspects of her health, including her ear issues, throat discomfort, and weight loss. These symptoms may be interconnected, and a holistic approach could yield better outcomes.

7. Monitoring and Documentation: Keeping a detailed log of her symptoms, including the frequency and severity of involuntary movements, any triggers you observe, and her response to medications, can provide valuable information to her healthcare providers. This documentation can help in making informed decisions about her treatment plan.

8. Emotional and Psychological Support: Lastly, don’t overlook the emotional toll that chronic health issues can take on both your mother and your family. Engaging with a mental health professional or support group can provide coping strategies and emotional support.

In summary, it is essential to remain proactive in seeking the best care for your mother. A collaborative approach involving specialists in neurology, nutrition, and physical therapy, along with a thorough evaluation of her symptoms, will be key in managing her condition effectively. I wish you and your mother the best in navigating this challenging situation, and I hope you find the answers and support you need.

Best regards.

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