Artificial Bone Graft: Uses, Materials, and Risks

Fracture of the internal steel rod in the left femur - urgent!

In November 2002, I was struck by a vehicle that was in violation of traffic regulations, resulting in a fracture of my left femur.
I received treatment from an orthopedic surgeon at the China Medical University Hospital in Taichung, where I underwent surgery to insert a steel rod for stabilization.
A few days ago, following the rehabilitation physician's instructions, I performed rehabilitation exercises, but unfortunately, the internal steel rod fractured.
The orthopedic surgeon now recommends surgery to remove the broken rod and simultaneously repair the fracture site using autologous iliac bone mixed with bone graft material to expedite healing.

What is bone graft material? What is it made of? Are there any potential complications associated with its use?

Cai, 30~39 year old female. Ask Date: 2003/09/28

Dr. Luo Zhaozhong reply Orthopedics

Hello! According to the message, the slow healing of the bone has led to metal fatigue and fracture of the steel rod.
Therefore, the urgent task is to re-fix the rod and find ways to increase the rate of bone healing.
There are many methods to enhance healing, and bone grafting is a widely used approach.
Bone grafting can be categorized into synthetic bone and autologous bone or bone from other donors.
Synthetic bone grafts are generally derived from coral, bovine bone, or biochemically synthesized materials.
So far, the use of synthetic bone grafts has been relatively successful, and complications are not common, making it a viable option to consider.
Best wishes for health from Dr.
Luo Zhao-Chung, Orthopedic Department, Taoyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare.

Reply Date: 2003/09/28

More Info

Artificial bone grafts, including artificial bone powder, are increasingly used in orthopedic surgery to facilitate the healing of fractures and bone defects. In your case, the recommendation to use a combination of autologous bone (bone taken from your own body) and artificial bone powder is a common practice aimed at enhancing the healing process after a fracture, especially when there are complications such as the breakage of internal fixation devices like steel rods.

What is Artificial Bone Powder?
Artificial bone powder is a biomaterial designed to mimic the properties of natural bone. It is typically made from various materials, including:
1. Coral-derived Hydroxyapatite: This is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite, which is similar to the mineral component of bone.

2. Bovine Bone: Bone derived from cows that has been processed to remove organic material, leaving behind a mineral matrix that can support bone growth.

3. Synthetic Polymers: Some artificial bone powders are made from biocompatible synthetic materials, such as polylactic acid (PLA) or polyglycolic acid (PGA), which can be absorbed by the body over time.

Uses of Artificial Bone Powder
Artificial bone powder is primarily used for:
- Bone Defect Filling: It can fill voids in bone that may not heal properly on their own.

- Enhancing Bone Healing: When combined with autologous bone, it can promote faster healing and integration with the surrounding bone.

- Supporting Bone Regeneration: It provides a scaffold for new bone cells to grow and proliferate.

Risks and Complications
While artificial bone powder has many benefits, there are potential risks and complications associated with its use:
1. Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection at the surgical site.

2. Non-union or Delayed Healing: In some cases, the bone may not heal as expected, leading to non-union or delayed union.

3. Allergic Reactions: Although rare, some patients may experience allergic reactions to the materials used in artificial bone powder.

4. Mechanical Failure: If the artificial bone powder does not integrate well with the existing bone, it may lead to mechanical failure, requiring further surgical intervention.

5. Resorption: Some artificial materials may be resorbed by the body too quickly, leading to inadequate support for the healing bone.

Conclusion
In summary, artificial bone powder is a valuable tool in orthopedic surgery, particularly for enhancing the healing of fractures and bone defects. Its composition can vary, and it is often used in conjunction with autologous bone to maximize healing potential. While there are risks associated with its use, many patients benefit from its application, leading to improved outcomes in bone healing. It is essential to discuss any concerns with your orthopedic surgeon, who can provide personalized advice based on your specific situation and health status.

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