The elderly person was generally healthy, but after a serious illness, their physical strength has significantly declined?
Hello, doctor.
I would like to ask for advice regarding medical management for my grandfather, who is currently 97 years old.
Two years ago, he experienced confusion upon waking up, with low blood pressure.
He was subsequently hospitalized and diagnosed with ascites and cirrhosis by a gastroenterologist, and was prescribed diuretics.
He has been taking medications including aspirin and antihypertensive drugs.
Initially, his condition was severe, and we thought he might not survive, but after hospitalization, he recovered.
Although his physical strength is not what it used to be, he has been able to travel and generally walks around.
His dietary intake is normal, and his blood pressure is maintained around 110/60, with a heart rate of about 50.
About a year ago, his weight suddenly dropped from 80 kg to 65 kg.
Recently, on October 2nd (Sunday), he suddenly reported weakness in his legs and felt unable to use them.
He then developed a fever of 39 degrees Celsius.
That day, he was given antipyretics, and a family member reported a positive COVID-19 test.
I suspected he might be infected, but subsequent rapid tests for him and my grandmother, who sleeps in the same room, were negative.
Since my grandfather has not been vaccinated, we were hesitant to seek medical attention on the day of the fever.
After administering antipyretics, he regained some appetite and consumed Ensure.
The next morning, his temperature was 37.5 degrees Celsius, so we continued with antipyretics (such as acetaminophen) until Wednesday when his temperature normalized.
However, his physical condition was significantly poor.
For the previous two days, his oxygen saturation measured between 90-94%, but by Thursday, it improved to 98%.
His blood pressure and other vital signs remained normal.
One concerning observation was that on Thursday morning, when palpating the radial artery, I noticed a pattern of strong beats followed by weak ones, and then it would alternate again.
By Friday morning, the measurements were slightly more normal, without significant variations in pulse strength.
I have been visiting my grandfather daily to assist with simple rehabilitation and encourage him to practice walking.
Recently, he has been able to get out of bed, but he often complains of back pain from sitting too long and prefers to lie down, spending more time resting with his eyes closed.
My question is, for an elderly person who was relatively healthy but suddenly experiences an unexplained fever (a serious illness) and is bedridden for two days, resulting in difficulty turning over and shortness of breath when trying to walk, should we proceed with rehabilitation or wait until his strength improves before seeking a complete physical examination? I suspect that the shortness of breath and fever could be due to pneumonia.
I hope to improve his quality of life through rehabilitation (or by identifying the cause of the fever for treatment) so that he can regain some independence.
What should I do? Additionally, my grandfather may have strained his back when getting up on the day he developed a fever, and he currently experiences back pain.
Can I administer pain relief medication and then gradually start rehabilitation exercises or follow online resources for elderly rehabilitation? I have many questions and complex feelings, and I would appreciate your advice on supportive care or medical management for my grandfather.
Thank you very much for taking the time to read my lengthy inquiry, and I hope you can address my concerns.
Yongyuan de Ling, 90~99 year old female. Ask Date: 2022/10/16
Dr. Liang Yinpan reply Geriatrics
Hello, Ling: Your grandfather is experiencing arrhythmia and shortness of breath upon activity, which may indicate heart failure.
It is important to consult a cardiologist for a detailed examination to identify the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment.
Additionally, patients with liver cirrhosis are prone to malnutrition, so blood tests should be conducted to assess and improve his nutritional status.
Lastly, regarding the back pain, it is essential to determine if there is nerve compression causing weakness in the lower limbs and impaired mobility, which would require evaluation and treatment by a neurologist.
I hope this information is helpful.
Wishing you a speedy recovery.
Liang Yin-Pan, Department of Geriatrics, Changhua Hospital, October 18, 2022.
Reply Date: 2022/10/16
More Info
Supporting elderly recovery after significant health challenges can be a complex and delicate process. In the case of your grandfather, who is 97 years old and has experienced a sudden decline in physical ability following a fever and possible infection, it is crucial to approach his care with a comprehensive understanding of his medical history and current condition.
Firstly, it is important to recognize that elderly individuals often have a reduced physiological reserve, meaning they may not recover as quickly or completely as younger individuals after an illness. Given your grandfather's history of liver cirrhosis and recent symptoms, including weakness, difficulty moving, and potential respiratory issues, a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional is essential. This evaluation should include a physical examination and possibly imaging studies or laboratory tests to rule out conditions such as pneumonia, which could explain his fever and respiratory symptoms.
In terms of rehabilitation, initiating a gradual and supportive physical therapy program can be beneficial. However, it is crucial to ensure that he is medically stable before starting any rigorous rehabilitation exercises. Given that he has experienced significant weakness and is reporting pain, particularly in his lower back, it may be wise to consult with a physical therapist who specializes in geriatric care. They can provide tailored exercises that consider his current limitations and pain levels, ensuring that he does not exacerbate any existing conditions.
Regarding the pain management aspect, if your grandfather is experiencing discomfort in his back, it may be appropriate to use over-the-counter pain relief medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, as long as there are no contraindications based on his medical history or current medications. However, it is advisable to consult with his healthcare provider before administering any medication to ensure it is safe and appropriate for his condition.
Incorporating gentle movements and exercises into his daily routine can help maintain some level of mobility and prevent further deconditioning. Simple activities such as sitting up in bed, standing with assistance, or even short walks with support can be beneficial. Encourage him to engage in these activities as tolerated, while also allowing for adequate rest periods to prevent fatigue.
It is also essential to monitor his vital signs, including blood pressure and oxygen saturation, especially since he has experienced fluctuations in these parameters. If his oxygen saturation levels drop significantly or if he shows signs of respiratory distress, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention.
Lastly, consider the emotional and psychological aspects of recovery. Elderly patients often experience feelings of isolation or depression following health setbacks. Engaging him in conversations, providing companionship, and encouraging social interactions, even if virtual, can significantly enhance his overall well-being.
In summary, while rehabilitation is important for your grandfather's recovery, it should be approached cautiously and under the guidance of healthcare professionals. Regular follow-ups with his physician to monitor his progress and adjust his care plan as needed will be vital in ensuring he regains his strength and independence. Your proactive involvement in his care, combined with professional guidance, can help improve his quality of life and support his recovery journey.
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