Emergency Contraception: Bleeding and Pregnancy Risks Explained

Emergency contraception

Previously, my menstrual flow was quite normal, but on the morning of August 2nd, I noticed some spotting that resembled the start of my period.
In the afternoon, I had intercourse and took emergency contraception within 72 hours.
However, I have continued to experience bleeding over the past few days.
After taking the emergency contraception, I also experienced some constipation.
Is there a connection between these symptoms? What is the likelihood of pregnancy in this situation?

Xiao Q, 20~29 year old female. Ask Date: 2023/08/05

Dr. Cao Guotao reply Obstetrics and Gynecology

Hello, it is possible that the bleeding is related to taking the emergency contraceptive pill.
Otherwise, just monitor the situation.
Wishing you good health.

Reply Date: 2023/08/05

More Info

Emergency contraception (EC) is a method used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure. It is most effective when taken as soon as possible after the event, ideally within 72 hours. However, it can still be effective up to five days after intercourse, depending on the type of EC used. The most common forms of emergency contraception are hormonal pills, such as levonorgestrel (Plan B) and ulipristal acetate (Ella), and the copper intrauterine device (IUD).

When it comes to bleeding after taking emergency contraception, it is not uncommon for women to experience changes in their menstrual cycle. Some may have spotting or bleeding shortly after taking the pill, which can be mistaken for a period. This bleeding is usually not a cause for concern and can be attributed to the hormonal changes induced by the emergency contraceptive. It is important to note that this bleeding does not indicate whether or not pregnancy has occurred.

In your case, experiencing bleeding after taking emergency contraception does not necessarily mean you are pregnant. The bleeding could be a side effect of the medication, especially if it occurred shortly after taking the pill. However, if the bleeding is heavy or accompanied by severe pain, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider to rule out any complications, such as an ectopic pregnancy or other issues.

Regarding your concern about constipation after taking the emergency contraceptive, it is possible for hormonal medications to cause gastrointestinal side effects, including constipation. This is not directly related to the effectiveness of the emergency contraception but can be a temporary side effect of the hormones in the medication.

As for the likelihood of pregnancy, if you took the emergency contraception within the recommended time frame, the chances of becoming pregnant are significantly reduced. However, no method of contraception is 100% effective. If your next period is delayed by more than a week, it is advisable to take a pregnancy test to confirm whether or not you are pregnant.

In summary, while bleeding after taking emergency contraception can be concerning, it is often a normal side effect of the medication. If you have any doubts or experience unusual symptoms, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and reassurance. Additionally, keeping track of your menstrual cycle and any changes can help you better understand your body and reproductive health.

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