Rectal Bleeding: Causes and When to Seek Help - Surgery

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Rectal bleeding can be a concerning symptom, and it's understandable to feel anxious about it, especially given your history of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The presence of fresh blood and mucus in your stool, particularly after episodes of diarrhea, can indicate several potential causes, some of which may require medical attention.


Possible Causes of Rectal Bleeding
1. Hemorrhoids: One of the most common causes of rectal bleeding, especially in younger individuals, is hemorrhoids. These are swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus that can bleed during bowel movements, particularly if straining occurs.

2. Anal Fissures: These are small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by passing hard stools or straining during bowel movements. They can result in sharp pain and bleeding, especially when wiping.

3. Infections or Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions such as infections (e.g., bacterial gastroenteritis) or inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) like ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease can lead to diarrhea accompanied by blood and mucus.

4. Diverticular Disease: Diverticulosis, which involves the formation of small pouches in the colon, can lead to diverticulitis, an inflammation that may cause bleeding.

5. Polyps or Colorectal Cancer: While less common in younger individuals, polyps can develop in the colon and may bleed. Colorectal cancer is a more serious concern, but it is typically associated with other symptoms such as changes in bowel habits, weight loss, or abdominal pain.


When to Seek Help
Given your symptoms and the recurrence of blood and mucus with diarrhea, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional. Here are some guidelines on when to seek medical attention:
- Persistent Symptoms: If you continue to experience rectal bleeding, especially if it occurs frequently or is accompanied by significant abdominal pain, it is important to seek medical evaluation.


- Changes in Bowel Habits: Any significant changes in your bowel habits, such as increased frequency, consistency changes, or the presence of blood, warrant further investigation.

- Weight Loss or Anemia: If you notice unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or symptoms of anemia (such as dizziness or paleness), these could indicate a more serious condition.


Diagnostic Procedures
Your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy to evaluate the colon and rectum directly. While the thought of undergoing a colonoscopy can be daunting, it is a valuable tool for diagnosing conditions that may be causing your symptoms. Given your age and the intermittent nature of your symptoms, your doctor may weigh the risks and benefits of this procedure.


Conclusion
In summary, while rectal bleeding can be caused by benign conditions like hemorrhoids or anal fissures, it is essential to rule out more serious issues, especially given your history of IBS and the recurrence of symptoms. Consulting a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation and possibly a colonoscopy is a prudent step. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage any underlying conditions effectively and alleviate your concerns. Remember, your health is paramount, and addressing these symptoms with a professional is the best course of action.